Access and Event Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Access and Event Management - Essay Example Security measures imposed on information systems restrict unauthorized external access. Every access, function, or activity is documented. This information is stored in event logs. These logs are required by the law and also help the organization eliminate certain risks. The documentation provides a framework for easy restoration of systems when they fail. The organization can also use them as evidence against unauthorized access to the systems. ITIL is an automation infrastructure for information exchange and process management. Organizations can share information through this infrastructure. Access management refers to authorization of humans and privileges to a system within or across enterprise boundaries. Business organizations have information that requires protection against unauthorized access. Organizations set up policies that govern those who access information, and what levels they can access. For example, managers can access salary information about subordinate workers, but cannot access that of the chief executive. Companies and executives can grant access to external users for information about the organization. This access is important for knowledge sharing and managing available resources. Every access to information is documented in event logs. These logs keep records of all activities in the information systems. Failures are also documented and used by the system administrators to restore the system. Event logs are stored in servers, computers, and routers. Access management deals with authorization and authentication procedures set up by an organization. Event management is the way an organization keeps records of events regarding the information system. Automation refers to activities that take place without human intervention. The path taken by events from the source to the destination is called event flow. A file containing a list of events that have occurred is called an event log. These logs are stored in a log server or a computer. ITI L is an IT service management infrastructure. It

Downfall of our public schools Essay Example for Free

Downfall of our public schools Essay As much as we would like to be able to assert that American public schools are the best in the world, time and time again we have been proven wrong, at least partially. The American system of public schools is failing those it serves. It has failed to provide equal educational opportunities to all students, it has failed to train them to take jobs and advanced careers, and it has failed to secure the future of American prosperity by failing utterly to create the kind of necessary professional and skilled labor balance that is critical to our continued prominence as a nation. On structural, financial, and curricular levels, the system is not designed to succeed. What it does do well is prepare a very small number of people who come from wealthy families to have any opportunity they want to take advantage of and leaves the vast majority of the nation to fend for itself – often without the tools, support, or ability to do so. The American public system of education bases its curriculum on several overarching principles: generalization, focus on the liberal arts, and an emphasis on individual achievement and self-selection (meaning that individual students determine the course of their own education and career path rather than being funneled into specific schools and programs as is common in other countries). Each of these, philosophically, is designed to help students achieve the greatest level of self-reliance and independence while providing the broad liberal foundation that can be, theoretically, applied in any situation, in any calling. Those are the benefits of a liberal foundation, but the detriments are that without specialization in education, students aren’t able to focus intensely upon their particular subject area until as late as college, and perhaps a small amount in high-school. The result is that students focusing on a general education for 12 years are allowed only 4-5 years of specialization (Browser, 10). Other nations, notably Japan and Germany, employ a system of education that, as early as elementary school, begins to identify potential school types and careers for students and puts them through specialization 4-6 years earlier than the US (Browser, 10). This results in many of these nations excelling in math and science where the U. S. falters. But, this is not the only point of failure of the U. S. system, the 2005 study of reading and mathematical proficiencies of 4th and 8th graders nationwide found that less than 40% of all students tested were grade-level proficient in those subjects (Standard Poors, pNA). This figure gets worse when the schools are dominantly African-American or Hispanic in Graduation Graduation rates are similarly dismal – only 69. 7% of American high school students matriculate (â€Å"High School Graduation Rates in the United States†, pNA). The American public school curricula is failing its students. There are a variety of opportunities throughout the continuum of public education to directly assist students in determining the career path that best suits not only their individual skills and needs, but those of the nation as well. In my own experience, I witnessed high school programs that taught industrial arts, and job-related programs that had been designed to provide students who would not be going to college with the skills necessary to enter the workforce upon graduation get cut out of the curricula entirely. The reasoning given was that the school wanted to focus on achieving higher levels of college entrance, and to increase the numbers of college-prep courses available. This, on paper, sounded great, but in reality it left many students completely without post-high school support. If the American dream requires college, then we are absolutely failing our students by allowing (in some districts) more than half of the population to fail out of school entirely. If we take a realistic look at how students could benefit from industrial arts, business training, home economics, and other job-related training, providing intensive specialization in high-school would allow for a much higher success rate and a higher graduation rate. Our system is failing its students in terms of investment in their present and their future. Schools get the majority of their funding from locally levied taxes with additional state and federal support. It should be no surprise, then, that the districts with the largest tax base to population ratio results in a much larger amount of money available for schools than in districts with a low tax to population ratio. For example, in Nevada, there are two primary sources of funds for schools – property tax and gambling revenue taxes. In districts with the highest value of homes, the tax base is very high, resulting in significantly more money per pupil available than in districts with less expensive homes or those dominated by apartments and low-income housing which do not pay nearly as much in property tax per resident than do the more affluent communities (â€Å"America Goes Back to School†, pNA). The impact, then, is not only significant regional differences in the amount of money available per student, but these differences can be found at the district by district level throughout the entire country. Not surprisingly, those schools with the highest per-capita spending capability are also among the highest ranked schools in the nation (there are no inner city urban public schools in the top 100 high schools in the nation). Therefore, by failing to provide a balanced financial opportunity for every school district, we are pre-determining the level of success, graduation, and career opportunity for entire swaths of students. The poor, the Black and Hispanic, and the otherwise disadvantaged will remain so because they (as a community) will never be able to catch up in terms of opportunity and performance with the more successful communities until we balance the amount of money spent per student throughout the entire nation. On a structural and statistical level, in terms of money and curricular focus, our public school system is failing its students and the communities it is supposed to serve. Despite a continual â€Å"focus† on education, our graduation rates and basic skills passing rates are absolutely dismal. Our generalist curricula has absolutely failed to contribute meaningfully to reducing the massive gaps in our workforce. Finally, the severe imbalance in spending and available funds from district to district and community to community has led to a near permanent state of success and failure for the entire student population in each of those districts. Ultimately, then, the system has failed and is continuing to fail to properly educate, support, and allow our students to contribute to the betterment of society and our success in the international community. References Browser, Jack. Educating America: Lesson Learned in the Nation’s Corporations. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1989. United States Department of Education. â€Å"America Goes back to School† www. ed. gov/Family/agbts/index. html. Online. Internet. Info Acc March, 2007. Standard Poors. â€Å"United States Public Schools Districts: How Students Performed on National Reading and Math Tests†. SchoolMatters. com Online. Internet. Avail: http://www. schoolmatters. com/app/location/q/stid=1036196/llid=162/stllid=676/locid=1036195/site=pes. Info Acc March 18, 2007. Manhattan Institute for Policy Research. â€Å"High School Graduation Rates in the United States†. Manhattan-Institute. org. Online. Internet. Avail: http://www. manhattan-institute. org/html/cr_baeo. htm. Info Acc March 19, 2007.

Sylvias Use of Senses in Ariel :: English Literature Essays

Sylvia's Use of Senses in Ariel "Ariel" possesses power and importance, a certain element of orgasmic stress to the degree to which the horseback ride Plath once took becomes something more—a ride into the abyss of the unknown, a stare back into the eye of the sun, an odyssey to death, a stripping of personality and selfhood, a sort of blatant exposition. To treat "Ariel" as a confessional poem is to suggest that its actual importance lies in the horse- ride taken by its author, in the author's psychological problems, or in its position within the biographical development of the author. None of these issues is as significant as the imagistic and thematic developments rendered by the poem itself. Probably the finest single construction of Plath, "Ariel" has articulate precision and depth of its images. In its account of the ritual journey toward the center of life and death, Plath perfects her method of leaping from image to image in order to represent mental process. The sensuousness and concreteness of the poem—the "Black sweet blood mouthfuls" of the berries; the "glitter of seas"—is unmatched in contemporary American poetry. We see, hear, touch, and taste the process of disintegration: the horse emerging from the darkness of the morning, the sun beginning to rise as Ariel rushes uncontrollably across the countryside, the rider trying to catch the brown neck but instead "tasting" the blackberries on the side of the road. Then all the rider's perceptions are thrown together: the horse's body and the rider's merge. She hears her own cry as if it were that of a child and flies toward the burning sun that has now risen. To a reader who is unaware of Plath’s biography â€Å"ARIEL† would probably most immediately call to mind the "airy spirit" who in Shakespeare’s The Tempest is a servant to Prospero and symbolizes Prospero’s control of the upper elements of the universe, fire and air. And seen from a more intimate level, â€Å"ARIEL† was the name of her favorite horse, on whom she weekly went riding. The two reflections about the name â€Å"ARIEL† have often been noticed and pointed out, with the emphasis, from a critical perspective, being placed on the biographical referent. But there is another possible referent in the title of the poem, which no one has yet noted, although the poet, apparently, went out of her way to make reference, even obvious reference, to it.

English Literature and Background Essay

MA (Previous) Semester I Paper I Paper II Paper III Paper IV Paper V Semester II Paper I Paper II Paper III Paper IV Paper V Semester III Paper I Paper II Paper III Paper IV Paper V History, Structure and Description of English –I English Literature up to the Early Seventeenth Century—I English Literature up to the Early Seventeenth Century—II English Literature of the Seventeenth & Eighteenth Century—I English Literature of the Seventeenth & Eighteenth Century—II History, Structure and Description of English –II English Literature of the Nineteenth Century—I English Literature of the Nineteenth Century—II English Literature of the Twentieth Century—I English Literature of the Twentieth Century—II MA (Final) American Literature—I Indian Writing in English—I Postcolonial Literature English Language Teaching Inter-Disciplinary (ID-I) : Writing for Academic and Professional Purposes Seminar Semester IV Paper I American Literature—II Paper II Indian Writing in English—II Paper III Specializations: 1) Women’s Writing 2) Indian Literatures in Translation 3) Modern Classics in Translation one specialization to be offered in each college Paper IV Project Work Paper V Inter-Disciplinary (ID-II) : Literature and Film Seminar Department of English University College of Arts & Social Sciences Osmania University, Hyderabad MA (Previous) Semester I—(Papers I to V) Semester I—(Papers I to V) Paper I Unit 1 History, Structure and Description of English-I a) Indo-European Family of Languages b) Descent of English: Old English, Middle English and Modern English a) Language as a System of Communication b) Levels of Language Description: Phonology and Morphology a) Phonetic Description of Consonants b) Phonetic Description of Vowels a) Noun Phrase Structure (Determiners, pre and post modifiers, number, and gender) b) The Simple Sentence in English a) Verb Phrase Structure (Verb types, tense, aspect, concord; phrasal verbs) b) Coordination and Subordination (Semantic Implications) Look more:  example of satire in huckleberry finn Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Paper II Unit 1 English Literature up to the Early Seventeenth Century—I Background Renaissance; Reformation; Development of British Drama; University Wits Poetry Geoffrey Chaucer Edmund Spenser General Prologue to The Canterbury Tales Sonnets 34 (â€Å"Lyke as a Ship†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) Sonnet 54 (â€Å"Of the World’s Theatre†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) Sonnet 68 (â€Å"Most Glorious Lord of Life†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) Everyman in His Humour The Duchess of Malfi The Spanish Tragedie Doctor Faustus Unit 2 Unit 3 Drama Ben Jonson John Webster Drama Thomas Kyd Christopher Marlowe Unit 4 2 Department of English University College of Arts & Social Sciences Osmania University, Hyderabad Unit 5 Prose Francis Bacon Sir Philip Sidney Essays (â€Å"Of Truth†, â€Å"Of Death†, â€Å"Of Revenge†) An Apologie for Poetrie Paper III Unit 1 Unit 2 English Literature up to the Early Seventeenth Century—II Background Translation of the Bible; Utopia; Tragedy; Comedy Drama William Shakespeare Drama William Shakespeare Poetry John Donne George Herbert Poetry Andrew Marvell Richard Lovelace King Lear Henry IV: Part I Twelfth Night The Tempest â€Å"A Valediction†, â€Å"The Canonization† â€Å"The Good-Morrow† â€Å"Virtue†, â€Å"Pulley†, â€Å"Collar† â€Å"To His Coy Mistress†, â€Å"Garden† â€Å"To Althea From Prison† To Lucasta, Going Beyond the Seas† Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Paper IV Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 English Literature of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries—I Background Allegory; Neo-Classicism; Epic; Rise of the English Novel Poetry John Milton Paradise Lost (Bks I & IX) Poetry John Dryden Absalom and Achitophel â€Å"Mac Flecknoe† Fiction Daniel Defoe Robinson Crusoe Henry Fielding Joseph Andrews Prose John Dryden Essay of Dramatic Poesy (Up to â€Å"Examen of ‘The Silent Woman’†) Preface to Shakespeare (Up to the paragraph Samuel Johnson beginning â€Å"So careless was this great poet†¦Ã¢â‚¬  3 Unit 5 Department of English University College of Arts & Social Sciences Osmania University, Hyderabad Paper V Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 English Literature of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries—II Background Pastoral Poetry; Restoration Comedy; Satire; Sentimental Comedy Poetry Alexander Pope Poetry William Blake â€Å"The Rape of the Lock† (Canto I) â€Å"An Essay on Criticism† (Part I) Songs of Innocence (â€Å"The Lamb†, â€Å"Holy Thursday†, â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper†) Songs of Experience (â€Å"The Tyger†, â€Å"Holy Thursday†, â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper†, â€Å"London†, â€Å"A Poison Tree†) â€Å"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard† The Way of the World The Rivals â€Å"Sir Roger in Church† â€Å"The Aims of the Spectator† â€Å"Mr. Bickerstaff on Himself† â€Å"The Spectator Club† Unit 4 Unit 5 Thomas Gray Drama William Congreve R B Sheridan Prose Joseph Addison Richard Steele 4 Department of English University College of Arts & Social Sciences Osmania University, Hyderabad MA (Previous) Semester II—(Papers I to V) Paper I Unit 1 History, Structure and Description of English—II a) Word Formation in English b) Change of Meaning a) Levels of Language Description: Syntax b) Varieties of Language: Dialect, Idiolect, Register, and Style a) Word Stress in English b) Properties of Connected Speech: Weak forms/Elision and Intonation a) Behaviourist and Cognitivist Approaches to Language Learning/Teaching; Differences between First Language Acquisition and Second Language Learning b) Role of English in India and the Objectives of Teaching English at the College Level a) Techniques of Teaching Prose, Poetry, Grammar, and Vocabulary b) Language Testing Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Paper II Unit 1 Unit 2 English Literature of the Nineteenth Century—I Background Romanticism; Fancy and Imagination; Gothic; Historical Novel Poetry William Wordsworth S T Coleridge Poetry P B Shelley John Keats â€Å"Intimations Ode†, â€Å"Tintern Abbey† â€Å"Rime of the Ancient Mariner† â€Å"Ode to the West Wind†, â€Å"To a Skylark† Odes: â€Å"On a Grecian Urn,† To Autumn,† â€Å"To a Nightingale† Emma Wuthering Heights Unit 3 Unit 4 Fiction Jane Austen Emily Brontà © 5 Department of English University College of Arts & Social Sciences Osmania University, Hyderabad Unit 5 Prose Charles Lamb William Hazlitt â€Å"Dream Children†, â€Å"Old China† â€Å"The Indian Juggler†, â€Å"The Fight† Paper III Unit 1 English Literature of the Nineteenth Century—II Background Science and Religion; Pre-Raphaelites; Dramatic Monologue; Realism and Naturalism Poetry Alfred Lord Tennyson Robert Browning Poetry Elizabeth Barrett Browning â€Å"Ulysses†, â€Å"Lotos Eaters† â€Å"My Last Duchess†, â€Å"Andrea Del Sarto† Unit 2 Unit 3 G M Hopkins Matthew Arnold Unit 4 Fiction Charles Dickens Thomas Hardy Prose Matthew Arnold John Ruskin Sonnets from the Portuguese 21 (â€Å"Say over Again †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) 32 (â€Å"The first time that †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) 43 (â€Å"How do I love thee †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) â€Å"Pied Beauty†, â€Å"God’s Grandeur†, â€Å"Windhover† â€Å"Dover Beach† Hard Times Tess of the d’Urbervilles â€Å"The Study of Poetry† Unto This Last (Section I) Unit 5 Paper IV Unit 1 Unit 2 English Literature of the Twentieth Century—I Background Modernism; Dada and Surrealism; Symbolism; Stream of Consciousness Poetry W B Yeats T S Eliot â€Å"Easter 1916†, â€Å"Second Coming†, â€Å"Byzantium† The Waste Land 6 Department of English University College of Arts & Social Sciences Osmania University, Hyderabad Unit 3 Fiction D H Lawrence Joseph Conrad Prose Virginia Woolf E M Forster Drama G B Shaw J M Synge Sons and Lovers Heart of Darkness A Room of One’s Own â€Å"Art for Art’s Sake† (from Two Cheers for Democracy) Saint Joan Riders to the Sea Unit 4 Unit 5 Paper V Unit 1 Unit 2 English Literature of the Twentieth Century—II Background Postmodernism; Impressionism; Existentialism; Movement Poetry Poetry Ted Hughes Phillip Larkin Seamus Heaney Fiction William Golding Graham Greene Drama Samuel Beckett Tom Stoppard Short Story Roald Dahl A S Byatt â€Å"Thought Fox†, â€Å"Hawk Roosting† â€Å"Churchgoing,† â€Å"Toads† â€Å"Digging†, â€Å"Punishment† Lord of the Flies The Power and the Glory Waiting for Godot Indian Ink â€Å"Lamb to the Slaughter† â€Å"The Umbrella Man† â€Å"Sugar† (from Sugar and Other Stories) Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 7 Department of English University College of Arts & Social Sciences Osmania University, Hyderabad Syllabus of M A (English) (With effect from 2009-10) MA (Final) Semester III—(Papers I-V) Paper I Unit 1 American Literature—I Background American Frontier; American Renaissance; American Transcendentalism; American Puritanism Poetry Phyllis Wheatley Walt Whitman â€Å"On Being Brought from Africa to America† â€Å"When Lilacs Last in the Door-yard Bloom’d†, â€Å"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking†, â€Å"Crossing the Brooklyn Ferry† â€Å"I taste a liquor never brewed†, â€Å"She sweeps with many-colored brooms†, â€Å"After great pain a formal feeling comes† The Scarlet Letter The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn The Hairy Ape Death of a Salesman â€Å"The American Scholar† â€Å"Civil Disobedience† Unit 2 Emily Dickinson Unit 3 Fiction Nathaniel Hawthorne Mark Twain Drama Eugene O’Neill Arthur Miller Prose Ralph Waldo Emerson Henry David Thoreau Unit 4 Unit 5 8 Department of English University College of Arts & Social Sciences Osmania University, Hyderabad Paper II Unit 1 Indian Writing in English—I Background Indian Nationalist Movement; Use of English for political awakening; Reform Movements; Rise of the Indian Novel Poetry (Selections from Indian Poetry in English. Ed Makarand Paranjape. Macmillan, 1993) Sri Aurobindo â€Å"I have a hundred lives† â€Å"The Golden Light† â€Å"Thought the Paraclete† Toru Dutt â€Å"Sita†, â€Å"Our Casuarina Tree† Sarojini Naidu â€Å"The Pardah Nashin†, Ghanashyam† Fiction Krupabai Satthianandhan Mulk Raj Anand Fiction Raja Rao R K Narayan Prose Rabindranath Tagore B R Ambedkar Kamala: a Story of Hindu life Untouchable Kanthapura The Man-Eater of Malgudi â€Å"Nationalism in India† (from Nationalism) â€Å"The Annihilation of Caste† (Collected Works of B R Ambedkar, Vol III) Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Paper III Unit 1 Unit 2 Postcolonial Literatures Background Colonialism-Imperialism; Postcolonialism; Nationalism; Diaspora Poetry Christopher Okigbo Edward Brathwaite Judith Wright â€Å"Heaven’s Gate†, â€Å"Death lay in Ambush† â€Å"Didn’t He Ramble†, â€Å"Calypso† â€Å"Eve to Her Daughters†, â€Å"Bullocky† Things Fall Apart The Edible Woman Unit 3 Fiction Chinua Achebe Margaret Atwood 9 Department of English University College of Arts & Social Sciences Osmania University, Hyderabad Unit 4 Drama Wole Soyinka Derek Walcott Prose V S Naipaul Ngugi wa Thiong’o Kongi’s Harvest Dream on Monkey Mountain Unit 5 â€Å"Indian Autobiographies† (from Literary Occasions: Essays) â€Å"The Language of African Literature† (from Decolonizing the Mind) Paper IV: ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING Unit I History of English Language Teaching in India: Some important landmarks: a) Critique of Macaulay’s Minute; b) Landmarks of English Education in India after Independence: Kunzru Committee, the three language formula and Kothari commission. c) Ramamurthy Commission Report d) Curriculum and its components; Syllabus/ Paper Design; materials development Major Approaches, Methods and Syllabi: a. Traditional methods – Use of the Grammar Translation method, Direct method, Reading method; b. Structural Approach: Audio-Lingual Method, Types of syllabi: structuraloral-situational, notional-functional; linguistic competence and communicative competence; Error analysis and Remedial teaching c. Communicative approach, Krashen’s Monitor Model (Natural method); task based syllabus d. Humanistic Approaches: Community Language Learning, Suggestopaedia Classroom Techniques: a. Lecture mode; classroom discussion; Peer and pair work; b. Role play; Team teaching; Teaching large classes. c. Teaching Aids: Use of the Blackboard, flip charts, , OHP, audio visual tools, Television, d. Traditional and digital Language Lab; the Computer and the Internet. Teaching of Language skills: a. The teaching of listening, speaking, reading, writing and related study skills b. Teaching of literature c. Stylistic approach to the teaching of literature (norm, deviation, and foregrounding); d. Teaching of language through literature. 10 Unit II Unit III: Unit IV: Department of English University College of Arts & Social Sciences Osmania University, Hyderabad Unit V: Testing and Evaluation: a. Importance of Testing, traditional testing methods; Different types of tests b. Group Discussion (GD) c. Interview d. Course Evaluation Paper V : Inter –Disciplinary ID-I : Writing for Academic and Professional Purposes Unit 1: Language CompetenceA. Communicative Grammar: Nouns, articles, prepositional phrases, tenses subject verb agreement, modal verbs, difference between spoken & written language B. Sentence structure, kinds of sentences-statements, interrogatives, question tags passive constructions, reported speech; use of conditionals, compound & complex sentences C. Academic Reading : read to write- focus on the gist, idiom, rhetoric, style and genre specific features in different texts ; intensive & critical reading, note making Unit 2: Organization of writing A. Guided writing, expansion, use of connectives, sequencing, writing a paragraph free writing, mind mapping. Paraphrasing, summarizing, writing an abstract Writing letters, resume and email ( e-mail etiquette) B. C. Unit 3: Academic Writing A. B. C. proposals, SOPs ( statement of purpose) structure of a report, report writing Writing an essay; (descriptive, argumentative and scientific) Unit 4: Professional Writing A. Inter office memos, professional reports( business, survey, minutes of a meeting) B. Editing, writing a review, creative writing (Ad writing, slogan writing and writing headlines). C. Technical writing; product and process writing, writing a user manual SEMINAR PRESENTATION 11 Department of English University College of Arts & Social Sciences Osmania University, Hyderabad MA (Final) Semester IV—(Papers I-V) Paper I Unit 1 Unit 2 American Literature—II Background American Dream; Multiculturalism; Lost Generation; American Comedy Poetry Robert Frost Wallace Stevens Robert Lowell Unit 3 Fiction Ernest Hemingway Saul Bellow Drama Lorraine Hansberry Neil Simon Short Fiction Henry James William Faulkner Issac Asimov â€Å"West Running Brook†, â€Å"Home Burial† â€Å"Sunday Morning† â€Å"The Emperor of Ice-Cream â€Å"For the Union Dead† â€Å"At a Bible House† The Old Man and the Sea Seize the Day Raisin in the Sun Sunshine Boys â€Å"The Middle Years† â€Å"Go Down Moses† â€Å"The Bicentennial Man† Unit 4 Unit 5 12 Department of English University College of Arts & Social Sciences Osmania University, Hyderabad Paper II Unit 1 Indian Writing in English—II Background Decolonization; Counter DisPapers; Partition Literature; Myth and Literature Poetry (Selections from Indian Poetry in English. Ed Makarand Paranjape. Macmillan, 1993) Nissim Ezekiel Kamala Das A K Ramanujan Unit 3 Fiction Salman Rushdie Shashi Deshpande Drama Girish Karnad Mahesh Dattani Short Fiction Bharati Mukherjee â€Å"Enterprise† â€Å"Poet, Lover, Birdwatcher† â€Å"An Introduction† â€Å"The Old Playhouse† â€Å"A River†, â€Å"Love Poem for a Wife-I† Unit 2 Midnight’s Children The Binding Vine Hayavadana Final Solutions â€Å"A Wife’s Story†, â€Å"Management of Grief† (both from The Middleman and Other Stories, 1989) â€Å"The Accompanist† â€Å"A Devoted Son† (both from Games at Twilight, 1978) Unit 4 Unit 5 Anita Desai 13 Department of English University College of Arts & Social Sciences Osmania University, Hyderabad Paper: III: (Specializations) A) Women’s Writing B) Indian Literatures in Translation C) Modern Classics in Translation Paper III A) Women’s Writing Unit 1: Background The Woman Question: New Woman; Women’s Liberation Movement; Feminism; Re-reading the Canon Prose Mary Wollstonecraft Unit 2: Vindication of the Rights of Women (Introduction and Chapter 2) The Second Sex (Essay on Biology) Simon de Beauvour Unit 3: Poetry Elizabeth Barret Browing Sylvia Plath Margaret Atwood Grace Nichols Anne Stevenson Fiction Virginia Woolf Nadine Gordimer Drama Carly Churchill Alima Ata Aidoo â€Å"A Curse for a Nation† â€Å"Lady Lazarus† â€Å"Circle† – Mud Poems â€Å"Making Poetry†, The Spirit is too Blunt an Instrument Unit 4: Mrs Dalloway July People Unit 5: Top Girls Anowa Paper III (B): INDIAN LITERATURES IN TRANSLATION Unit 1: i) ii) Background Types of Natya (Nataka, Prakarana, and Prahasana) and Theory of Rasa and Kavya Indian Concept of Translation (from Translation as Discovery by Sujit Mukherjee, Chapter 2 & 3) Scope of Comparative Literature (â€Å"Comparative Literature in India: A Perspective† by Bijay Kumar Das from Comparative Indian Literature ed. Rao & Dhawan) 14 iii) Department of English University College of Arts & Social Sciences Osmania University, Hyderabad iv) Dalit Aesthetics (â€Å"Dalit Literature and Aesthetics† from Towards an Aesthetics of Dalit Literature by Sharavan Kumar Limbale) Poetry Sangam Poety – from Poems of Love and War Trans by AK. Ramanujan, Akam Poems – â€Å"Kurinci† (page 15), â€Å"Neytal† (page 41),†Palai† (page 53), â€Å"Mullai† (page 81), â€Å"Marutam† (page 97), Puram Poems – â€Å"King Killi in Combat† (page 123) Gurram Joshua – I was one of them†, The Bat Messenger† (From Twentieth Century Telugu Poetry. An Anthology ed. By Velcheru Narayan Rao, OUP 2002) Jibananda Das – â€Å"Banalata Sen†, The Naked Solitary Hand† (From Signatures ed by Satchidanandan, Sahitya Academi, New Delhi) Drama Kalidas Unit 2: i) ii) iii) Unit 3 i) Abhgnana Shakuntalam from The Plays of Kalidasa by Barbara Stoller Miller, Ed Columbia University Press, 1984 Silence! the Court is in Session (OUP) ii) Unit 4: i) Vijay Tendulkar Fiction Premchand Godan; a novel of peasant India Tans by Jai Ratan and P. Lal Bombay: Jaico, 1979 ii) U.R Anantha Murthy Smakara: A Rite of Dead Man Trans by A.K. Ramanujan (OUP) Short Fiction Unit 5: i) Folktales – â€Å"Bopoluchi† (A Punjabi Folk Tale), â€Å"Why the Fish Laughed† (A Kashmiri Folk Tale), Folktales from India selected and ed. By A.K. Ramanujan, Penguin Books India, 1994. Ismat Chugtai – â€Å"Chauti Ka Jowra† from Inner Courtyard. Ed Lakshmi Holmstrom, Rupa, 2002. Mahasweta Devi – â€Å"Shishu† from Women’s Writing, Vol II Ed by Tharu & Lalitha, OUP, 1991. ii) iii) 15 Department of English University College of Arts & Social Sciences Osmania University, Hyderabad Paper III (C) : Modern Classics in Translation Unit 1: Background Enlightenment; Bourgeois Experience; Epic Theatre ; Magic Realism. Poetry Charles Baudelaire : The Sick muse, Even She was called Bautrice By Many Who knew Not Wherefore, The Remorse of the Dead Pablo Neruda: What Spain was Like, The Heavenly Poets, Opium in the East Joseph Brodsky: Odysseus to Telemachus, Nune Dimmittis, Nature Morte Unit 3: Fiction Gustav Flaubert: Milan Kundera: Drama Anton Chekhov Betrolt Brecht Unite 2: Madame Bovary Book of Laughter Forgetting Unit 4 The Cherry Orchard Mother Courage Unit 5: Short Fiction Franz Kafka Gabriel Garcia Marquez PROJECT WORK Metamorphosis No one Writes to the Colonel PAPER IV Paper V: Inter-Disciplinary (ID-II) Literature and Film Unit1: Background: a) Elements of a narrative: Theme, Plot, Structure, Setting, Character, Point of View b) Narrative devices : genres, montage, film noir, flashback, special effects Unit 2: Drama and Film a) George Bernard Shaw – Pygmalion (1913) b) George Cukor (Director) – My Fair Lady (1964) Unit 3 : Novel and Film a) EM Forster – A Passage to India (1924) b) David Lean (Director) – A Passage to India (1984). Unit 4: Short Fiction and Film a) Ruskin Bond – â€Å"The Blue Umbrella† b) Vishal Bhardwaj (Director) – â€Å"The Blue Umbrella† (2007) 16 Department of English University College of Arts & Social Sciences Osmania University, Hyderabad Suggested Reading Beja, Morris. Film & Literature, an introduction, Longman, 1979. Bluestone, George. Novels into film, Johns Hopkins Press, 1957. Boyum, Joy Gould. Double Exposure : Fiction into Film, Seagull Books, 1989. Corrigan, Timothy, ed Film and Literature: An Introduction and Reader. Prentice Hall, 1999. Das Gupta, Chidananda. Talking about films. Orient Longman, 1981 Deborah Cartmell and Imelda Whelehan, eds. Adaptations: from text to screen, screen to text. Routledge, 1999. Elliott, Kamilla. Rethinking the novel/film debate. CUP, 2003. Literature –Film Quarterly. McFarlane, Brian. Novel to film: an introduction to the theory of adaptation. OUP, 1996. Ray, Satyajit. Our Films, Their Films. Orient Longman, 1976. Reberge, Gaston. The Subject of Cinema, Seagull Books, 1987. Stam, Robert and Alessandra Raengo, eds. A Companion to literature and film. Blackwell Pub., 2004. SEMINAR PRESENTATION

Book Review: Heartland the Darkest Hour

My book was Heartland the Darkest Hour. It was written by Lauren Brooke and was 152 pages long. This book was about a girl named Amy who tries to prove to everyone that she can be as good as a professional horse racer. Throughout the book she meets people, that teach her a lesson about how winning isn’t everything. Even though winning is fun, that shouldn’t be why you want to compete. You should have passion in what you’re doing, instead of waiting for fame and fortune. Amy doesn’t realize that you should have passion in what you love to do.She thinks that she is the best horse racer in the world, but that changes when a certain horse and a certain person came into her life and taught her about passion. Ty a friend of hers, had a horse that was the best Amy had seen in her life! It had every trick that had ever been in horse racing history perfected. It had the most amazing speed, and it was very rare. Amy wanted that horse so bad, because she knew she cou ld win with it. She wanted to buy it off of Ty, but he wouldn’t let her. One day Amy asked Ty why she couldn’t buy the beautiful horse, but then Ty asked her a very important question.He said â€Å"Why do you want this horse? † Amy stood there for a minute and thought about what he had asked her. The next day she felt bad because she had been selfish and only wanted the horse for fame and money, not because she loved the horse. At the end of the book, Amy realizes that she needs to have passion in all she does, because without passion â€Å"You’ll never love what your doing. † I think Amy was changed at the end because her attitude was different from the way she treated others in the beginning.At the end of this book, Amy is more kind and doesn’t think to much about her self. I would recommend this book to others because it teaches you not be bratty and selfish, but to be humble and passionate. If you like books about horses, this series wou ld be awesome for you to read. I loved this book because, I started to read it in the beginning, but I didn’t get the story. Towards the middle I finally figured out what the author was trying to say, and it was a very good inspirational message throughout the book. The End

Free Essays on Desirees Baby

â€Å"Desiree’s Baby,† by Kate Chopin In her short story, â€Å"Desiree’s Baby,† Kate Chopin uses irony and symbolism to enhance the story, and convey a surprise ending. In the beginning of the story, Madam Valmonde is on her way to visit her daughter and new born grandson, when she flashes back to the day her husband, Monsieur, found little Desiree â€Å"lying asleep in the shadow of the big stone pillar.† The unknown origin of Desiree is a major question throughout her life and throughout the story. Eighteen years after her initial discovery, Desiree is again under the same pillar when Armand Aubigny sees her and instantly falls in love â€Å"as if struck by a pistol shot,† (182). In both times using the stone pillar as the place where Desiree is found, the reader becomes aware that this place is a continuing factor in Desiree’s true identity. L’Abri, was a dark and solemn place, where, since the rule of Armand had been so strict, the slaves were no longer gay as the once were during the elder Aubigny’s rule (183). Desiree is described as wearing â€Å"soft white muslins and laces,† creating a conflicting image of life at L’Abri (183). While the outside of the house is dark, the inside is almost lit up from Desiree’s presence, showing the impact she has had on life at L’Abri. Desiree says that she is so happy that it â€Å"frightens† her, another indication that things at L’Abri may not be all well (183). After three months, it becomes evident that the baby is not white, but black, which Armand blames Desiree for because of her suspicious origins. When Desiree leaves the plantation to return to her mother’s, at Armand’s request, she did not take a well worn path, symbolizing her struggle. Instead, she cut through a field where the â€Å"stubble bruised her tender feet . . . and tore her thin gown to shreds.† The torn gown represents her shattered home and marriage, the complete opposite of what the gown stood for ... Free Essays on Desiree's Baby Free Essays on Desiree's Baby â€Å"Desiree’s Baby,† by Kate Chopin In her short story, â€Å"Desiree’s Baby,† Kate Chopin uses irony and symbolism to enhance the story, and convey a surprise ending. In the beginning of the story, Madam Valmonde is on her way to visit her daughter and new born grandson, when she flashes back to the day her husband, Monsieur, found little Desiree â€Å"lying asleep in the shadow of the big stone pillar.† The unknown origin of Desiree is a major question throughout her life and throughout the story. Eighteen years after her initial discovery, Desiree is again under the same pillar when Armand Aubigny sees her and instantly falls in love â€Å"as if struck by a pistol shot,† (182). In both times using the stone pillar as the place where Desiree is found, the reader becomes aware that this place is a continuing factor in Desiree’s true identity. L’Abri, was a dark and solemn place, where, since the rule of Armand had been so strict, the slaves were no longer gay as the once were during the elder Aubigny’s rule (183). Desiree is described as wearing â€Å"soft white muslins and laces,† creating a conflicting image of life at L’Abri (183). While the outside of the house is dark, the inside is almost lit up from Desiree’s presence, showing the impact she has had on life at L’Abri. Desiree says that she is so happy that it â€Å"frightens† her, another indication that things at L’Abri may not be all well (183). After three months, it becomes evident that the baby is not white, but black, which Armand blames Desiree for because of her suspicious origins. When Desiree leaves the plantation to return to her mother’s, at Armand’s request, she did not take a well worn path, symbolizing her struggle. Instead, she cut through a field where the â€Å"stubble bruised her tender feet . . . and tore her thin gown to shreds.† The torn gown represents her shattered home and marriage, the complete opposite of what the gown stood for ... Free Essays on Desiree's Baby â€Å"Desiree’s Baby†: A Case of Embarrassment or Something Deeper? What is it exactly that caused Armand to cast his wife, Desiree, and their child aside? Disappointment, shame, and a deep sense of bitterness factored into his actions. The child was a symbol of his masculinity and a legitimate heir to his family name. When you factor in the accumulative sense of betrayal he must have felt towards Desiree and her supposed lack of pure blood, his actions are justified. Despite all other feelings one could possess in such a predicament, embarrassment was the overlying element. The shock and horror Armand endured upon finding out his child is not worthy of his family’s name or position in life was nothing short of overwhelming. â€Å"He no longer loved her, because of the unconscious injury she had brought upon his home and his name.† (180) Now imagine Armand’s embarrassment at finding out that he is the one who caused his child to become a social pariah. Imagine the embarrassment when he discovered he was living a lie. Armand’s embarrassment and his deep seeded resentment of the entire situation caused him to act impetuously, to the point that he allowed Desiree and their child to leave, burned their belongings, removing every trace of them from his life. Armand fell in love with Desiree despite her being a foundling with no familial ties. He proclaimed her lineage did not matter, in fact, â€Å"what did it matter about a name when he could give her one of the oldest and proudest in Louisiana† (178). Once she conceived their child, neither one of them gave any thought to the fact that their child would be anything other than of pure blood. With no knowledge that Armand was the carrier of this â€Å"disease†, they still delivered a child, which would later become his greatest embarrassment. This child was theirs, and neither one of them was black in any visible way. His subsequent disappointment in his offspring and wife fue... Free Essays on Desiree's Baby In the story â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† there are many underlying connotations, which make the analyzing of the story somewhat difficult. These connotations are what make the story interesting and enjoyable to read. One could argue that love and lust played a large roll in this story. Also it would be easy to say that Desiree was not loved but lusted after throughout the story. It is very apparent to me that Desiree’s husband did not love her as much as should have. It would also be justifiable to say that his relationship with her was purely based on his love for her body and not her mind. The story tells us that when he fell in love with her, it was similar to a prairie fire or an avalanche. Both a prairie fire and an avalanche start from the smallest thing and grow into a fierce power. But both the prairie fire and the avalanche only last for a small amount of time. If his love for her is being compared to both of these, then it was not true love, for love truly cannot be measured. The description of Armand Valmonde led me to think that he was a very stern man whose beliefs and morals overpowered his ability to think reasonably. I believe that the most important thing in his life was the purity of his family name. It seemed that he was raised to be someone of importance, raised to be the distinguished gentlemen or even raised to be royalty. Armand was a slave owner and was raised in a time when it was thought that black people were inferior to white people, so there is definitely a sense of racism in the story. Racism played a role in the story but its role is mainly to apply irony to story in the end. If the reader was disgusted with Armand, the ironic racism adds a twist at the end of the story which is quite enjoyable. Racism and love are two clashing tones in the story also because, if you have one you cannot have the other. This is another one of my points. If Armand truly loved Desiree, then it would not matter if...

Google Company Analysis

Google Company Analysis Introduction Google is a company which started as a research project for two Ph. D students in 1996. Google is a company that was founded on September 4, 1998. This company was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin who were at that time students at the Stanford University. The company name was derived from a spelling error of the word â€Å"googol,† which means 10100.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Google Company Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This implies that Google is a search engine which is used by the internet users to locate information from the World Wide Web. The company’s headquarters are located in Mountain View, California. As a company, Google has grown rapidly since 1998. This growth has provided the company with capital which has translated in remarkable expansion that has been observed. Currently, Google is a publicly held corporation. As per the records dated December 31, 2 008, the company had full time employees totaling to 20,222. The company’s initial public offering took place on august 24, 2004. This resulted in raising $ 1.67 billion, which implied that the company’s approximate stood at $23 billion. Currently, the company stands as one of the powerful and reputable brands across the globe. Today, this company continues to grow as it has been indicated by its growth in terms of stock. Essentially, from an initial price of $100 per share, the share price grew to $500 in 2008. This company is ranked as one of the five most reputable sites on the web. In the US, the company is raked as number one, among other countries. Essentially, this company attracts over 40 million users every month. This company has grown as an advertising company. Essentially, the company generated revenues worth $16 billion in 2007. Google leadership Just like another organization, Google depends on its leadership to steer the company in the direction which is in line with the company’s vision and objectives. The top leadership is made up of a board of directors and executive officers. The board of directors is made up off the following members; Larry page Eric Schmidt Sergey Brin Doerr John Green Diane Hennerssy John Otellini Paul Shriram Ram Tilghman Shirley. The executive officers is made up ofAdvertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Schmidt Eric Larry Page Sergey Brin Arora Nikesh Drummond David Pichette Patrick. Google products and services Google has established itself as a popular online search engine. Due to rapid technological advancement, the company has been forced to come up with new ideas regarding some of the services and projects that it offers. Essentially, Google has taken up an innovation approach which has evolved it into a software company which has gradually threatened the Microsoft dominance. The company has quietly been launching products which have gained prominence in the information technology world. Some of the products that Google has successfully launched include desktop search; Gmail; software to manage, edit, and send digital photos; and programs for creating, editing and posting documents. Google’s core business is the internet search engine. As a company, it has established several services which have been used by online users to get their work done. For instance, the Google groups is a service which enables the users to search newsgroups, while at the same time host mailing lists. The company launched Google video in 2006 which offers the users to search as well as view video content online. In addition, this offers television companies to cast their shows on CBS, NBA music and games. Essentially, videos which are offered through this media are protected by Google’s digital management system which monitors operations on the Google site. Google h as also utilized the satellite technology to come up with Google maps which has enabled users to locate their direction anywhere on earth. This service has been accompanied by ad on devices which enable a user to be able to know exactly what happens within a given location for instance, crime rates or specific locations such as gas stations. The Gmail service generates revenue through or by displaying advertisements. In summary, Google offers the following services, Froogle, Google answers, Google catalogues, Google groups, Google image search, Google labs, Google news, Google special searches, Google university search, Google web directory, Google web search and Google wireless.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Google Company Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The current position Currently, Google is the search engine leader. Google has been ranked by bodies such as NPD to be the most effective search engin e. Among other search engines. Google approximately 150 million searches per day Inktomi approximately 80 million searches per day Alta Vista approximately 50 million searches per day Direct Hit approximately 20 million searches per day Fast approximately 12 million searches per day Galaxy approximately 100, 000 visitors per day Google has claimed that it has been able to attain its targets through utilizing a unique combination of software and hardware of advanced and superior technology. Currently Google plans to capture more users. This has been exhibited by ensuring that it has been able to penetrate other markets across the globe such as China. Essentially, Google indexes more than 60 languages on its pages. Google SWOT analysis A SWOT analysis is a technique which is used to establish the prospects and the potential threats of a company. In this case, SWOT analysis enables an organization to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that it faces. T his enables the organization to be able to gain an understanding as to how it can place itself in the market. In the case of Google, the company has got the following strengths. First, the Google search engine is readily accessible in most places across the globe. The speed of the search engine gives it an edge in the industry against other search engines. In addition, it has been able to integrate several languages thus enabling users from diverse backgrounds to be able to use it. The strategy which the management has employed at the company has enabled the company to always come up with new projects which have gained market share with time. Some of the weaknesses which Google has faced include the inability for a user to distinguish between good content and content that may not be good. This implies that the company has faced a major challenge when it comes to verifying the credibility of information that it gets. This has predisposed some of the products and information found to be subject to manipulation by the users. In addition, despite the fact that the company has come up with many products many of them are not known by the users. Some of the opportunities which this company has include the fact that the technological boom has boosted the company’s ability to innovate.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Google’s ability to acquire other companies such as YOUTUBE has opened up more opportunities for it to explore. Furthermore, the company has a huge user base which enables it to get a market edge over other competitors. Lastly the threats which are faced by this company include the fact that it faces stiff competition from other search engines like Yahoo and Bing. Furthermore, it has not been able to fully penetrate in other market areas such as Russia and China. Other emerging threats include the emerging trends which the company has to contend with. Recent new items As a company which is in the information sector, Google has been working towards establishing links and coming up with new products and services to match the growing demand. From the 2011 financial review Google had outstanding revenue of $ 10.58 billion. The company has expanded its operations by opening new branches in other parts of the world in order to meet the rising demand on quality and innovative produc ts. As a consequence of opening up new markets, the company has increased its employee base. For instance, in Europe the employee base has grown up to 72 percent. Due to the company culture associated with Google, employees are required to commit 20 percent of their time in coming up with new products. As a consequence of this, the company has been able to come up with better versions of services such as enhanced ability to get products on the mobile, the ability to translate texts from one language to another and the ability to obtain scholarly articles for the scholars who find it necessary to use Google. Financial status As a company, Google’s financial status is healthy. This is based on the increased revenue ever since it was listed as a corporate company. It is worth noting that Google has grown financially due to the rising demand of quality internet services. This has bolstered its capacity to increase its revenue and come up with new services and products. The Google company incomes from 2002 to 2006 indicate a steady growth informs of a promising growth capacity. Annual Income Statement ($ in Millions) 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Sales $440 $1,466 $3,189 $6,139 $10,605 Cost Of Goods 132 626 1,458 2,572 4,225 Gross Profit $308 $840 $1,732 $3,567 $6,380 Selling Administrative Depr. Amort Expenses 122 498 612 1,460 2,830 Income After Depreciation Amortization $186 $342 $1,120 $2,107 $3,550 Non-Operating Income 0 4 -470 34 461 Interest Expense 2 0 0 0 0 Pretax Income $185 $347 $650 $2,142 $4,011 Income Taxes 85 241 251 676 934 Net Income $100 $106 $399 $1,465 $3,077 Depreciation Footnote Income Before Depreciation Amortization 215 398 2,401 2,401 4,122 Depreciation Amortization (Cash Flow) 29 55 148 294 572 Income After Depreciation Amortization $186 $342 $1,120 $2,107 $3,550 Earnings Per Share Data (EPS not in millions) Average Shares 0.00 0.00 272.78 291.87 309.55 Diluted EPS Befo re Non-Recurring Items 0.00 0.00 2.75 5.21 9.78 Diluted Net EPS 0.00 0.00 1.46 5.02 9.94 References Busby, M. (2003). Learn Google. Texas: Wordware Publishing, Inc. Duthel, H. (2008). Google Inc. Services Google Tools What is Google? New York: Lulu.com. Flamholtz, E., Yvinne, R. (2011). Corporate Culture:The Ultimate Strategic Asset. California: Stanford University Press. Stross, R. (2008). Planet Google:one companys audacious plan to organize everything we know. New York: Simon and Schuster.

Explore the Basic Fundamentals of Physics

Explore the Basic Fundamentals of Physics Physics is a systematic study of the natural world, particularly the interaction between matter and energy. It is a discipline that attempts to quantify reality through a precise application of observation coupled with logic and reason. In order to make use of such a discipline, you must first understand certain fundamentals. Only by learning the basics of physics can you build upon it and dive deeper into this field of science. Whether you are pursuing  a career in physics or merely interested in its findings, it certainly is fascinating to learn about. What Is Considered Physics? To begin the study of physics, you must first understand what physics actually means. Understanding what falls within the realm of physics- and what does not- helps focus the field of study so you can formulate meaningful physics questions. Behind every question in physics lies four very important terms  you will want to understand:  hypothesis, model, theory  and law.   Physics can be either experimental or theoretical. In experimental physics, physicists  address a scientific problem using techniques such as the scientific method in an attempt to prove a hypothesis. Theoretical physics is often more conceptual in that physicists are focused on developing scientific laws, such as the theory of quantum mechanics.   These two forms of physics are related to each other and connected to other forms of scientific study. Quite often, experimental physics will test the hypotheses of theoretical physics. Physicists themselves can specialize in a variety of fields, from astronomy and astrophysics to mathematical physics and nanotechnology. Physics also plays a role in other fields of science, such as chemistry and biology. The Fundamental Laws of Physics The goal of physics is to develop precise models of physical reality. The best case scenario is to develop a series of very fundamental rules to describe how these models function. These rules are frequently called laws after they have been used successfully for many years. Physics is complicated, but it does fundamentally rely  on a number of  accepted laws of nature. Some are historical and groundbreaking discoveries in science. These include  Sir Isaac Newtons Law of Gravity  as well as his Three Laws of Motion.  Albert Einsteins Theory of Relativity  and the  laws of thermodynamics  also fall into this category. Modern physics is building off those monumental truths to study things such as quantum physics which explores the invisible universe. Similarly, particle physics seeks to understand the smallest bits of matter in the universe. This is the field where strange words like quarks, bosons, hadrons, and leptons enter the scientific dialogue that makes headlines today. The Tools Used in Physics The tools that physicists use range from the physical to the abstract. They include balance scales and laser beam emitters as well as mathematics. Understanding this wide range of tools and the methods for applying them is essential to understanding the process that physicists go through in studying the physical world. The physical tools include things like  superconductors  and synchrotrons, which are used to create intense magnetic fields. These can be applied in studies like the Large Hadron Collider or practically in the development of magnetic levitation trains. Mathematics is at the heart of physics and is vital in all fields of science. As you begin to explore physics, fundamentals such as using significant figures  and going beyond the basics of the metric system will be important. Math and physics go much deeper as well and concepts like vector mathematics  and the mathematical properties of waves are crucial to the work of many physicists. Historys Famous Physicists Physics does not exist in a vacuum (even though some physics is practiced in an actual vacuum). The forces of history have shaped the development of physics as much as any other field in history. Quite often, it is useful to understand the historical perspectives which led to our current understanding. That includes the ​many incorrect paths that were faltered along the way. It is also useful and intriguing to learn about the lives of the famous physicists of the past. The ancient Greeks, for instance, combined philosophy with the study of natural laws and are particularly known for an interest in astronomy. In the 16th and 17th centuries, Galileo Galilei further studied, observed, and experimented with the laws of nature. Though he was persecuted in his time, he is regarded today as the father of science (coined by Einstein) as well as modern physics, astronomy, and observational science. Galileo inspired and was followed by famous scientists like Sir Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr, Richard P. Feynman, and Stephen Hawking. These are just a few of the names of physics history that have shaped our understanding of how our world works. Their abilities to challenge accepted theories and devise new ways of looking at the universe have inspired physicists who continue to achieve scientific breakthroughs.

Open Source Software Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Open Source Software - Essay Example (Wheeler) Several peer-reviewed literatures suggest that using the OSS programs in many cases offers superior user interface and approach in contrast to their proprietary competitors. (Wheeler) Even with the above background review, many software users still are unaware of the very many user options that this utility presents. It is against this information that this paper examines two open source software (Neo Office 3.0 and Open Office) solutions as an alternative to Microsoft office 2010 applications. The paper examines the Open Source Software. The discussion compares the Open Source Software on grounds of the platform on which they are available, their affordability, available technical support, major features to meet the standards of a commercial product and arguments for and against the Open Source Software as a Commercial alternative to Microsoft Office 2010. Wheeler suggests that whatever the program, there are universal procedures for their evaluation. These steps are; iden tification of the candidates, examining existing literature reviews, applicability of the desired program to one’s personal needs, and analysis of the top candidates. Wheeler sums up the four sequential steps as â€Å"IRCA†; identify, review, compare and analyze. (Wheeler) Review of Microsoft Office 2010 Microsoft Office is a commercial workplace utility quite popular with most workplaces. The Office 2010 has a ribbon interface modification different from the traditional Office 2003 interface, additionally it has a file menu back into the tool bar making it easier to save and open files. Minimal system requirements for the program include 700MHz and a 512MB RAM with windows 7, XP or vista to be fully functional. Microsoft Office enjoys unlimited technical support: Microsoft Company, people with licenses from Microsoft, professional call centers and numerous books and websites that offer on time assistance to users with tips on configuration, modification and using Micr osoft Office with free resources especially for non-profit uses. Document sharing is simplified for this program because Microsoft has created standard file formats such as .doc, .docx. (For word) and .xls (for excel files). Microsoft also has enabled easier remote access using â€Å"Skydive† with standard file security if procedures adhered through allowing users to install Microsoft updates; firewalls, antivirus management and antispyware (Bonfield and Quinn). Equally, through the utilization of Microsoft outlook users are able to receive and send emails from Microsoft office. Other in built features includes; grammar checking, view document options, and pre-posted document formatting. (Bonfield and Quinn) Review of alternative Open Source Software to Microsoft Office 2010 OpenOffice.org OpenOfice.org 3.1 is the latest version of OpenOfice.org with the former being 3.0. The OpenOfice.org is versatile with Windows, Mac, Linux, and free suite being a preferred alternative to Microsoft Office suite. Additionally it is able to read and write to Microsoft Office supported formats and supports the Open Document Format (ODF) 1.2 standard. The suite is inbuilt with a word processing application, spreadsheet, presentations,

Fly Dubai Airline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Fly Dubai Airline - Essay Example Reference is made, as an example, to a specific company, the Fly Dubai airline. The above firm’s services are described and evaluated so that the concept of quality of services, as applied in modern firms, is fully understood. 1.2 Service firms, description and types The key objective of service firms is the provision of services of various types to the public. Different criteria have been used in the literature for describing service firms. According to Faulkner & Campbell (2006) service firms ‘are concerned with providing customers with an experience’ (Faulkner & Campbell 2006, p.504). Moreover, Jin (2005) notes that the service firms represent a high percentage, about 60%, of ‘the markets of developed countries’ (Jin 2005, p.37). ... The first category incorporates those firms providing services directly to the consumers, such as a hairdressing; the second category incorporates a high range of service firms, including firms offering legal, accounting or advertising services (Onkvisit & Shaw 2004, p.300). 2.0 Fly Dubai airline 2.1 Profile and business activities of the company Fly Dubai is a low cost airline based in Dubai (Fly Dubai 2012). The firm was established in 2008 (Fly Dubai 2012). The firm offers a wide range of destinations, including India, Kuwait, Syria, Egypt and Jordan (Fly Dubai 2012). Recently, the firm ordered 54 new aircrafts, which, along with the firm’s existing aircrafts, will help the firm’s fleet to significantly increased (Fly Dubai 2012). 2.2 Quality of service delivered by the company In Fly Dubai, the quality of services is among the organization’s objectives. Still, failures have not been avoided. According to a Customer Scoring published by SkyTrax in 2012, Fly Du bai is scored with 6.7 out of 10 in regard to the quality of its services (Figure 1, Appendix). Different reasons are used for justifying the above score: for example, one of the customers, the first in the list of customers participated in the relevant scoring, highlights the delay in departure as one of the firm’s major problems (Sky Trax 2012); himself, he faced a delay of 5hrs when decided to travel using Fly Dubai (Sky Trax 2012). Another customer, 5th in the list, notes that customer service in Fly Dubai is ‘non-existent’ (Sky Trax 2012). Again, the delay in departure, as resulted to the missing of the connection flight, is highlighted as the firm’s key problem (Sky Trax

Short answers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Short answers - Essay Example 2. To the grandmother, a man is a "great man" if his qualities are adjusted to her own. Red Sammy is "great" in light of the fact that he trusts individuals indiscriminately and waxes nostalgic about more pure times—both of which the grandma can identify with. The Misfit is "great" in light of the fact that, she reasons, he wont shoot a woman a refusal that might be in keeping with her own particular good code. Her supposition, obviously, turns out to be false. The main thing "great" about the Misfit is his consistency in experienced his ethical code of "no joy yet meanness." 3. The iron as a symbol represents the tasks and obligations that kept the storyteller from captivating with Emilys life all the more significantly. he dreary movement of the iron moving over and over again over the surface of the pressing board emulates the storytellers perspectives as she moves here and there and then here again over her life as a mother, endeavoring to distinguish the wellspring of Emilys present challenges. 4. Readers find that regardless of the way that Kathy and Tommy imparted an interesting relationship, the way that Kathy says she wasnt crying wild after his consummation and that she drove off to wherever it was she should be, just about puts over the thought that Kathy has learnt to acknowledge the way that she will in the end complete along these lines does not respond in the path in which say, we might in the discouraging and bleak circumstance. In a manner we feel that the "start" that has been in Kathy since the begin has vanished and that the blamelessness of Kathy that has completed the novel, regardless of every last one of rowdy exercises, has

Client privacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Client privacy - Essay Example 3 (aspe.hhs.gov ). Among the responsibilities of this agency according HIPAA Privacy rules are (CFR Â § 164.504, qtd. from cdc.gov, 2003): inform individuals about their privacy rights and how their PHI is used or disclosed; adopt and implement internal privacy policies and procedures; It is then but appropriate to come up with policies that must be strictly followed by the staff of the organization, especially the social workers. Social workers must adhere to their Code of Ethics as well as national and state policies that protect the confidentiality of patient’s records –electronic or printed. For this matter, this paper presents a guideline on sending by electronic transmission health information. In this digital age, agencies can efficiently transmit information by using technology such as electronic mail. Medical health professionals can exchange information about patients by sending images or copies of health information via e-mail. However, guidelines must be es tablished to prevent any abuse that could result to violation of privacy of patient’s records. This is the sample guideline for e-mail transmission of health information: 1.

Management Information System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Management Information System - Essay Example competes with a host of other financial institutions such as banks, brokerage firms, insurance companies among others hence there is stiff competition. As a way of attempting to position itself better in the market, the company sought to outsource its IT infrastructure to IBM, a computing giant as a result of different reasons. First and foremost, this is an attempt to add value to their company among employees, clients and shareholders by improving efficiency as well as reducing costs while at the same time improving quality. Given that IBM is a renowned computing giant, JP Morgan thought it would be a wise decision to incorporate this company as a way of trying to portray its image in a better position. In this case outsourcing would add value in that IBM is a well established computing giant often treated with great esteem by various stakeholders such that its incorporation by JP Morgan would attract a positive response from different stakeholders. By virtue of running several business entities, JP Morgan thought that by scaling its IT expenditures, it would reduce its actual needs of paying full costs that would be based on projections made earlier. Therefore, it can be noted that JP Morgan sought to reduce costs on its part by centralizing the IT business to one big, reputable company which is IBM computers. In actual fact, JP Morgan simply wants to take a precautionary measure in the face of competition against other major financial giants such that it thought outsourcing would help spruce its image as well as help reducing expenditure by centralizing its IT issues to one computing giant. The main problem raised here is that of the overuse of traditional means of processing information during the contemporary time of digital age where new information and technology is reigning supreme. The result of the use of old means of processing information is failure to access information readily when it is needed to combat an otherwise imminent disaster. FBI in this

Client privacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Client privacy - Essay Example 3 (aspe.hhs.gov ). Among the responsibilities of this agency according HIPAA Privacy rules are (CFR Â § 164.504, qtd. from cdc.gov, 2003): inform individuals about their privacy rights and how their PHI is used or disclosed; adopt and implement internal privacy policies and procedures; It is then but appropriate to come up with policies that must be strictly followed by the staff of the organization, especially the social workers. Social workers must adhere to their Code of Ethics as well as national and state policies that protect the confidentiality of patient’s records –electronic or printed. For this matter, this paper presents a guideline on sending by electronic transmission health information. In this digital age, agencies can efficiently transmit information by using technology such as electronic mail. Medical health professionals can exchange information about patients by sending images or copies of health information via e-mail. However, guidelines must be es tablished to prevent any abuse that could result to violation of privacy of patient’s records. This is the sample guideline for e-mail transmission of health information: 1.

Research Methods in Business and Economics Essay

Research Methods in Business and Economics - Essay Example The article is written with a scholarly fervour and is not intended for the general audience. There is an erudite tone kept throughout the article, and it is assumed that the readers are professional and well read. The structure of the paper is also professional with introduction given first and then comprehensive literature follows. The study gives a sufficient introduction and literature review. The article has given considerable illustrations of the theoretical concepts mentioned in the research. Resource based view is discussed and through empirical studies and findings it is explain in terms of competition, performance and capability. Client-specific and non client-specific value addition is also differentiated and competition is discussed in the case of high client-specific value addition. The author has sometimes, in the article, gone with the flow and has jumped quickly from one concept to another. It is understandable that the nature of research is such to discuss and link many concepts but at times in the paper considerable time is not given to a concept. For example firm performance and capability is not discussed greatly in the paper. This may be because the researcher believes that the audience is well versed with the concept beforehand. The paper is indeed written for professional people but still some clear distinction and explanation of the concepts would have increased the reach of the study. Presentation of Findings The author has presented the findings of the study in a professional manner with tables and statistical information given to the readers. A longitudinal study is usually difficult to conduct as it requires use of complex statistical instruments, but the author seems to have worked well in this regard. The statistical information is also given in proper tables so that it is easy to read. The best thing about the research is that the hypotheses are presented very clearly. The study is no doubt a complicated study with focus on diverse concepts and their impact on each other. It was therefore important to present the methodology and hypotheses in a clear manner and this is done in the study rather effectively. The

The College Culture Essay Example for Free

The College Culture Essay One of my most distinct characteristics is that I am a Born Again Christian. Being a Christian is a way of life not just a set of practices. My religion defines who I am and dictates my actions. Being a Christian influences how I speak, what clothes I wear and what activities I engage in. Our church is an evangelistic church and so we’re encouraged to invite people to church activities. One goal of this study is to find out how an outsider receives these invitations. It will also be found out what factors determine the non-Christians’ response to such invitations. Being a Christian has changed how I act in situations and most people I know have adjusted to my principles. Some have also generalized my personal principles such that when they meet other Christians they assume the latter will act the same way as I do in a given situation. Thus another aim of this study is to see the effect that interactions with Christians has on the perception of Christians as a whole. In order to achieve these goals interviews will be undertaken: one with a person practicing a different religion and another with a person with no professed religion. The interview will start with a discussion of what, in the interviewee’s perspective, is a Christian. Questions pertaining to how Christians may be differentiated from non-Christians will also be asked. This will be followed by whether or not the interviewee has ever been invited to a Christian gathering before and how he or she responded to this invitation. Next, the interviewee will be asked to relate a memorable experience with a Christian. Finally, the interviewee will be asked to assess based on his interactions with Christians how he believes Christians perceive non-Christians of the same religious belief or non-belief as him. It must be borne in mind that the interview itself might be misconstrued as a means to invite the non-Christian to church. The interviewee of another religion may even become defensive and this would confound the answers given. Therefore, from the onset it should be made clear that the purpose of the interview is to improve Christians’ relations with non-Christians and to correct any Christian practices which promote negative impressions. As Patton stated in his work, an interviewer must be able to build trust at the onset of the interview and the purpose for the interview must be made clear to the interviewee (1987). The topic of religion isn’t so much a welcomed concept particularly because of the rivalry and conflicts that have arisen â€Å"for the sake of religion. † In order to prevent the interviews from being another venue for such arguments, a collaborative approach will be encouraged through the research. As it has been emphasized in other studies, research isn’t a means to exploit the â€Å"other† rather it is a means to reach a mutually beneficial conclusion regarding overlapping interactions of different cultures (Fitzgerald 2005; de Munk Korotayev 2000). Analysis of Interview Material Interviews were conducted with two non-Christians (see Appendix A and B). As was indicated to the respondents, this research has been conducted in order to improve interactions of Christians with non-Christians. As has been discussed by past researchers, a cross-cultural study should benefit not just the researcher but also the person studied (Gibbs 2001). The very essence of collaborative research is that all parties to the study are benefitted by the findings. Such a conclusion may be reached through the results of the present study. The responses of the respondents may be classified into several dimensions. The first is how past interactions with Christians have affected the respondents’ perception of Christians. One respondent showed that a positive experience with a workmate allowed him to see Christians in a better light. Despite having had many negative experiences with Christians, a positive personal experience with several Christians was able to lessen his negative impression of Christians in general. On the other hand, the other respondent whose personal experience with Christians was negative has now generalized the impression and applied it to all Christians. Therefore, the personal experience with Christians is more important in forming an impression of what a Christian is. However, for persons with deep-rooted biases against Christians due to external factors, such as intercultural conflict, the personal experience only tempers the bias but doesn’t altogether eliminate it. This is the case with the Moslem respondent interviewed. It must therefore be asked what qualifies as a positive experience. In the case of the Moslem respondent, the positive experience consisted of the Christian attempting to understand the former’s religion. It can be seen from the second appended interview that one of the reasons why a negative impression was held of Christians is because â€Å"I leave them alone to believe what they want. They could at least extend the same courtesy. † This shows that the respondent also hopes for some tolerance from the Christians she encounters. Furthermore, when asked how she felt regarding being invited to her mother’s Christian gatherings, the respondent showed that she felt irritated because she had already made it clear that she didn’t wish to go. From the above, it can be seen that a first step towards a positive impression is a manifestation of tolerance on the part of the Christian. This tolerance required in cross-cultural interactions of religions aids in the facilitation of interactions between their subcultures (de Munck Korotayev 2000). This is important particularly since the growing complexity of society ensures that the religious cultural units will interact in one regard or another. However, as evidenced by the Moslem respondent, this tolerance is not sufficient to overcome the in-bred conflicts that religious differences have fostered between cultural units. Therefore, a greater level of understanding between cultures is necessary in order to bridge the gap between religions. In order that this might be achieved the respondents reflect some insight. The agnostic respondent stated, â€Å"But the fact is that they can’t explain why they believe what they do. They can’t even explain half of what’s written down in the Bible. † The Moslem respondent on the other hand stated, â€Å"But there are those who seem to know about the love that their Jesus taught. I have no problem being friends with people like that. † The above statements show that Christians need to know about the foundation of their own faith in order to be able to preach it to others. A failure to understand their own religion comes across to non-Christians as insincerity. This insincerity renders the religion in itself doubtful. Non-Christians would thus be even more unwilling to learn about a religion which was understood and misapplied by its own followers. Finally, the interview shows that in order that Christians might become more effective in interacting with non-Christians they should be able to engage in a bottom-up process. What normally occurs when Christians invite other people is that they become imposing yet they don’t make the effort to understand the factors which the person being invited must consider before giving a response to the invitation. In order that they would be able to connect with the person being invited they must be able to understand how the other perceives them as Christians. The Moslem respondent stated, â€Å"I think they think the same we do about them. That we are wrong in our belief. I think that a lot of Americans are afraid of Moslems though. † This shows that he believes that Christians are as stubborn in their belief as he is. Therefore, an invitation from them would mean an attempt at conversion. Being a firm believer of Islam, he would of course say no as he would have no desire to be converted. Therefore, the Christian should be able to explain to the non-Christian the purpose of the invitation, particularly if it is for the reason simply of being able to get to know the other person better. In answer to the question of how she felt when being invited, the agnostic respondent was able to intone a similar response, â€Å"Annoyed. I mean, they just don’t seem to get a clue. If I wanted to go to church I’d do it without any prodding. † This shows that the method being employed by the Christian mother was no longer effective. In fact, it hadn’t been effective for a long time already. And yet, she didn’t change her approach or try to talk with her daughter in a more personal manner in order to understand the daughter’s aversion to religion. The respondents gave answers regarding how they defined what a Christian was. In both answers it is evident that they perceive Christianity as a set of practices and rituals. The essence of Christianity as a lifestyle and as a relational interaction was lost to them. Having learned about their experiences with Christians, it isn’t surprising that they feel this way. It’s clear therefore from this study that in order to improve cross-cultural interactions between Christians and non-Christians a more personal interaction should be encouraged. This interaction should be imbued with a sense of tolerance for the other and a desire to understand the situation and motives of such other. References De Munck, V. A. Korotayev (2000), â€Å"Cultural Units in Cross-Cultural Research,† Ethnology, 39(4), 335-448. Fitzgerald, T. (2005), â€Å"Cross-Cultural Research Principles Partnerships,† Management in Education, 19(1), 17-20. Gibbs, M. (2001), â€Å"Toward a Strategy for Undertaking Cross-Cultural Collaborative Research,† Society and Natural Resources, 14, 673-687. Patton, M. Q. (1987), â€Å"How to Use Qualitative Methods in Evaluation,† CA: Sage Publications. Appendix A: Interview with a non-Christian practicing a different religion Interviewer: Good afternoon. First, thank you for agreeing to meet me for this interview. Before we begin I just want to remind you that the purpose of this study is to better understand the interactions of Christians with members of other religions. Your answers will be used only for the purpose of this study and for no other purposes. Having said that, are you willing to participate in this study? Respondent: Yes. I: Thank you. First let’s start with some information about you. Is there a religion that you practice? R: I’m a Moslem. I: How long have you been a Moslem? R: Well, I was born into a Moslem family so I can say that I have been practicing my faith since I was born. I: In your perspective, how would you define a Christian? R: Well, Christians are people who believe that Jesus is God and not Allah. We Moslems also believe in Jesus but he is only a prophet and only Allah is God. I: Have you ever interacted with Christians? R: Of course. Most people here are Christians and so I have to deal and talk with them every day. I: Have you ever been invited to attend a Christian gathering? R: I work with some Christians who have once or twice asked me to go to an activity or concert. I: Did you go with them? R: No. It’s not allowed in Islam to acknowledge other gods. I don’t see the point of going anyway. It would be a lie for me to pretend to believe what they would say there. I: How did you feel when you were invited? R: It was a little awkward. I didn’t understand why they would want to. It’s not like I would go with them. But at least they don’t give me a hard time about being a Moslem. I: Are there Christians who do? R: Sure. It’s not new. There are really those types. I: That’s interesting because I also wanted to find out how you think Christians view Moslems. How do you think Christians view Moslems? R: I think they think the same we do about them. That we are wrong in our belief. I think that a lot of Americans are afraid of Moslems though. Everyone seems to be afraid we’ll turn into Osama Bin Laden or something. I: Thank you for sharing that. I’d like to ask you now about some personal experiences you’ve had with Christians. Is there any particular instance, good or bad, that you shared with a Christian that sticks out from your other interactions? R: I remember this one guy at work, the same guy who invited me to that concert at their church, he asked me once about Islam and he seemed genuinely interested. He tried finding similarities between Islam and Christianity. He was pretty nice. He just struck me as different from most Christians and I appreciated that he tried to understand my religion and didn’t just base his impression on what other people were saying. I: Alright, you’ve been very responsive so I have only one last question left. As a whole, how would you describe Christians? R: Well, most Christians don’t know their own religion. There are some who take it too far and they can be really condescending. But there are those who seem to know about the love that their Jesus taught. I have no problem being friends with people like that. I: [Respondent] that concludes our interview. Thank you very much for your time. Appendix B: Interview with a non-Christian without any professed religion Interviewer: Good morning. First, thank you for agreeing to meet me for this interview. Before we begin I just want to remind you that the purpose of this study is to better understand the interactions of Christians with members of other religions. Your answers will be used only for the purpose of this study and for no other purposes. Having said that, are you willing to participate in this study? Respondent: Sure. I: Thank you. Let’s start with some information about you. Is there any religion that you practice? R: I don’t exactly believe in organized religion. I: Was there any religion that you used to practice? R: Well, we used to say a prayer at the dinner table before dinner. But that was a long time ago. I just don’t see the need to anymore. I: Alright. Well, as I told you earlier, the focus of this interview is Christians and their interactions with others. So to start off, how would you define a Christian? R: Well, Christians are people who read the Bible, believe in God, pray, sing praise songs, all that. I: Have you ever been invited to a Christian gathering or activity? R: Sure. My mom used to make me go to church with her. She hasn’t stopped pestering me about it yet. I: Do you ever go? R: Not since I could say no without getting grounded. I: Why don’t you? R: Like I said, I don’t see the purpose. I mean look at my dad, he doesn’t go and he’s alright. If prayer is all there is to it then my mom is probably praying enough to save all of us. It just doesn’t seem important. I: How does it make you feel when you’re invited? R: Annoyed. I mean, they just don’t seem to get a clue. If I wanted to go to church I’d do it without any prodding. Besides, if God were real then they wouldn’t have to work so hard to make the rest of us believe in Him. It all just seems like a whole bunch of lip service. It gets tiring. I: It’s very helpful that you’re talking about your family and how they are active in practicing Christianity. But apart from your family have you had any other interactions with Christians? R: Sure. They’re all the same. Preachy. When you ask them about why they’re doing it though it all boils down to cop-out faith. Who can argue with that? I: Is there any particular experience you’ve had with a Christian that strikes out? R: I have this housemate who’s all about religion. She keeps leaving little cards with psalms on them in my things. I just find it a little irritating that she can’t just accept that I don’t do that kind of thing. I: The interview is going well so far so I only have one last question. How do you describe Christians in general? R: Well, Christians can be really devout about their faith and about having other people believe the same thing. But the fact is that they can’t explain why they believe what they do. They can’t even explain half of what’s written down in the Bible. Even worse, they can’t understand that other people just don’t want to believe the same things that they do. I mean, it’s not that I hate god. I just don’t believe he exists. And they act like that makes me the worst scum on earth. I leave them alone to believe what they want. They could at least extend the same courtesy. I: Thank you so much. Your responses have been really helpful. That concludes our interview.

Attendance System Using Fingerprint

Attendance System Using Fingerprint The project entitled ATTENDANCE SYSTEM USING FINGERPRINT is to provide an authentified attendance system for Roots Industries Limited. This software provides various information, which is useful for user as well as administrator. This software can be used as a whole in organization, or can partly used as separate modules, whenever needed. The project deals with capturing the thumb impression of the employee through the thumb scanner and authenticates with the already registered impression. Attendance will be marked for the matched employee. With the in-time and out-time, the total hours worked by the employee in a day and days worked for the month is calculated. The salary is calculated from loss of pay, basic pay, allowances, and deductions. One of the main advantages of this software is its user friendliness and validation can be done for each and every employee entered. New entries can be registered very easily and if not needed then it can be deleted from the software. The environments being used are VB.NET as front end and SQL Server as back end. This project is developed in the Operating System, Microsoft Windows XP. CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION This chapter contains the problem definition, about the system environment and the organization profile which gives details about the company. PROBLEM DEFINITION OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE The main objective of this project is to do the following operations Thumb impression Comparisons Attendance Calculation Payroll Calculation The scope of the project is to capture and verify the thumb impression of the employee. And also provide effective means to calculate attendance and payroll for the employee by using thumb impression. This project would greatly help in simplifying the manual attendance calculation and payroll calculation. PROBLEM DESCRIPTION This project makes use of fingerprint to authenticate the employee. This project makes use of the physical hardware device, the thumb scanner to capture the thumb impression of the employee. The Administrator registers the details of new workers. He also registers the unique thumb code of the employee generated by the Thumb scanner. This thumb code is generally an alphanumeric code and it is stored in the database. The employee uses the thumb scanner when he enters and leaves the work place for attendance marking. The generated code is matched with the stored thumb code in the database. The attendance is marked for the corresponding employee where thumb code matches with the generated ones. If there is no match with the thumb code then the administrator will take in charge to check whether the person is a new employee or not. The time duration between intime and outtime is calculated and it is stored as hours worked by the employee. Each time when the outtime is marked the duration is calculated and hours worked (field) is updated. The employee may take leave. The leave taken by the employee is calculated as loss of pay for him. It will be used to calculate net pay for the employee in the payroll calculation. During salary calculation the monthly attendance of the employee, loss of pay, the allowance such as HRA, DA and deductions such as PF, LIC are considered. 1.2 SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT HARDWARE REQUIREMENT Processor : Intel Pentium 4 Scanner : Thumb scanner Hard disk : 40 GB RAM : 224 MB CD-Drive : 48x with R/RW Floppy disk : 1.44 MB Display type : SVGA color monitor Keyboard : Standard 104 Keys Mouse : Logitech. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT Platform : Windows XP Front End : VB.NET Back End : SQL Server 1.3 ORGANIZATION PROFILE Park Solutions is emerging as one of the leaders in the field of software development by delivering comprehensive financial business solutions software and services. With state of the art facilities our software development centre caters to many diversified software requirements. Here challenging projects are undertaken by bright and enthusiastic teams using high-end software solutions and cutting edge technologies. MISSION Will to win in the competitive world by exceeding expectations. Achieving the hallmark of success, a platform to attract customers. Treating every goal/target as a challenge. Creating value at every angle/turn in each of the business units. Motivation through team work. VISION Innovation: Striving to be the best through being the first in all services and solutions. Quality Service: Always setting a target to exceed expectations. Diversity: Stamping the quality mark on a diversified community. Global View: Focus on the world market for constant improvement. Customer Satisfaction: Setting a chain reaction of satisfaction in each customer and creating reliability. FOCUS Serving the community for an improved and better life through its multi commitments in health care and other services. Providing means to the society for quality-oriented services. Opening new opportunities in the diversified business units. Keeping ahead with competitors in the market with services exceeding expectations. Conscientious contribution to the society through free health care services. CHAPTER II ANALYSIS This chapter contains the detailed description about the existing system and its disadvantages, the need for the proposed system and its advantages. The requirements specification is followed by the system analysis model. The system analysis model gives a clear representation of both the Entity Relationship diagram and the Data Flow diagram. 2.1 THE EXISTING SYSTEM The system currently used in the organization is manual work. The main drawbacks of the existing system is, It is time consuming process. There is a possibility for loss of records. Tedious paper work. Manual calculations may be wrong. 2.2 THE PROPOSED SYSTEM The proposed system will overcome all the difficulties of the existing system. The advantages of the proposed system is, The proposed system will provide best security than the existing system. Less time consuming. No records will be lost. Easy to maintain. The proposed system is easy to access and user friendly. No chance for duplication of thumb impression of employee. 2.3 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS EMPLOYEE DETAIL MANAGEMENT The administrator registers the details of new workers. He also registers the unique thumb code of the employee. The thumb code is generally an alphanumeric code. FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION The employee uses thumb scanner when he enters and leaves the work place The thumb scanner will generate the thumb code for the received impression. The generated code is matched with the stored thumb code in the database. If there is no match for the generated code an error message will be displayed. ATTENDANCE CALCULATION The attendance is marked for the matched impressions. The time duration between intime and outtime is calculated The time duration is stored as hours worked by the employee. Each time when the outtime is marked the duration is calculated and hours worked (field) is updated. PAYROLL CALCULATION The leave taken by the employee is calculated as loss of pay. The loss of pay will be used to calculate net pay for the employee. Salary calculation includes monthly attendance, loss of pay, the allowance such as HRA, DA and deductions such as PF, LIC. NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS Non functional are properties and qualities the software system must possess providing its intended functional requirements. Operational Requirements: These requirements specify the environment in which the software will be running, including, hardware platforms, external interfaces and operating systems. This project is done using VB.NET and SQL Server in XP environment. Performance Requirements: These requirements specify possibly lower and upper bounds on speed, calculation of time and storage characteristics of the software. The attendance and payroll calculation time is minimized. Maintainability Requirements: These requirements specify the expected response time for dealing with various maintenance activities. The maintenance of the fingerprint attendance system is good. Security Requirements: These requirements specify the levels and types of security mechanisms that need to be specified during the operations of the system. The attendance system is highly securable as we use thumb impression. 2.4 SYSTEM ANALYSIS MODEL 2.4.1 PROCESS MODEL LEVEL 0: CONTEXT FLOW DIAGRAM Fig 2.1 Context Flow Diagram This Fig 2.1 represents the Context Flow Diagram of the Attendance System using Fingerprint. The thumb impression of the employee is taken as input and the days worked by the employee are generated as output. LEVEL 1: DATA FLOW DIAGRAM Fig 2.2 Level 1 Data Flow Diagram This Fig 2.2 represents the Level 1 Data Flow Diagram of the Attendance System using Fingerprint this diagram explains how the attendance is calculated. The thumb code of the employee is taken as input and in-time or out-time of the employee is marked based on the entry or exit of the employee. From this, the days worked by the employee is calculated as output. LEVEL 2: DATA FLOW DIAGRAM Fig 2.3 Level 2 Data Flow Diagram This Fig 2.3 represents the Level 2 Data Flow Diagram of the Attendance System using Fingerprint. This diagram explains how the salary is calculated from the number of days worked and loss of pay. From the days worked the salary of the employee is calculated based on the basic pay, allowances and deductions. 2.4.2 DATA MODEL ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM Fig 2.4 Entity Relationship Diagram This fig 2.4 represents the Entity Relationship Diagram for Attendance System using Fingerprint. 2.4.3 USE CASE DIAGRAM Fig 2.5 Use Case Diagram This Fig 2.5 represents the Use Case Diagram for the Attendance System using Fingerprint. 2.4.4 ACTIVITY DIAGRAM Fig 2.6 Activity Diagram This Fig 2.6 represents the Activity Diagram of the Attendance System using Fingerprint. 2.5 TEST PLAN Test case no: 1 Description: Validating the administrator by providing Login Id and Password. Expected result: If incorrect Login Id or password was given an error message LOGIN INCORRECT will be displayed. Test case no: 2 Description: Validating the administrator by providing Login Id and Password. Expected result: If correct Login Id and password was given LOGIN CORRECT message will be displayed and control is transferred to Administrator form. Test case no: 3 Description: Capturing thumb impression of the employee. Expected result: If there is no matching record for the current thumb impression then No such employee message will be displayed. Test case no: 4 Description: Capturing thumb impression of the employee. Expected result: If there is matching record for the current thumb impression then attendance is marked for that employee. Test case no: 5 Description: Registering the new employee details. Expected result: Registered message will be displayed. CHAPTER III SYSTEM DESIGN This chapter includes various designs of the systems namely architectural design, database design, user interface design, module design and procedural design. 3.1 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN Attendance System Using Fingerprint Employee Detail Management Fingerprint Recognition Attendance Calculation Payroll Calculation Fig 3.1 Architectural Design This fig 3.1 represents the Architectural design of Attendance system using Fingerprint. This system is divided into four modules. They are Employee detail management Fingerprint Recognition Attendance calculation Payroll calculation EMPLOYEE DETAIL MANAGEMENT The administrator registers the details of new workers. He also registers the unique thumb code of the employee. The thumb code is generally an alphanumeric code. FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION The employee uses thumb scanner when he enters and leaves the work place The thumb scanner will generate the thumb code for the received impression. The generated code is matched with the stored thumb code in the database. If there is no match for the generated code an error message will be displayed. ATTENDANCE CALCULATION The attendance is marked for the matched impressions. The time duration between in-time and out-time is calculated The time duration is stored as hours worked by the employee. Each time when the out-time is marked the duration is calculated and hours worked (field) is updated. PAYROLL CALCULATION The loss of pay will be used to calculate net pay for the employee. Salary calculation includes monthly attendance, loss of pay, the allowance such as HRA, DA and deductions such as PF, LIC. 3.2 DATABASE DESIGN TABLE NAME : EMPLOYEE Table 3.1 Field Name Data Type Constraint Description E_Id Int(4) Primarykey Id of the employee E_Name Varchar(20) Notnull Name of the employee Dob Datetime(8) Notnull Date of Birth Sex Varchar(6) Notnull Male/Female t_code Varchar(500) ForeignKey Thumb code of the emp Address Varchar(25) Notnull the employee address Phno Int(4) Null Contact Number dateofjoin Datetime(8) Not null Date Of Join Mobileno Int(4) Null Contact mobile number Dept_name Varchar(25) Not null Name of the department. This Employee table includes the employee details of Attendance System Using Fingerprint. TABLE NAME: THUMBSCANNER Table 3.2 Field Name Data Type Constraint Description T_code Varchar(25) Primarykey Thumb code of the employee E_id Int(4) ForeignKey Id of the employee This thumb scanner table includes the thumb code and employee id of Attendance System Using Fingerprint. TABLE NAME: ATTENDANCE Table 3.3 Field Name Data Type Constraint Description t_code Varchar(25) Foreignkey Thumb code of the employee Intime Datetime(8) Null User entry time Outtime Datetime(8) Null User outtime Hrsworked Int(4) null Difference between in and out time Totaldays Int(4) Notnull Days worked in a month This attendance table includes the Hours worked field that is determined from the difference between the times. From the Hours worked field total days is calculated. TABLE NAME: LEAVE Table 3.4 Field Name Data Type Constraint Description E_Id Int(4) Foreign key Id of the employee Medicalleave Int(4) null Remaining medical leave Casualleave Int(4) null Remaining casual leave Leavetaken Int(4) null Leaves taken in the month. This leave table includes the leave taken by the employee for the month. TABLE NAME: SALARY Table 3.5 Field Name Data Type Constraint Description E_Id Int(4) Foreignkey Id of the empoloyee Basicpay Float(8) notnull Basic pay of the employee Pf Float(8) notnull pf% for the employee LIC Float(8) notnull LIC% for the employee Netpay Float(8) notnull Salary for the employee Lossofpay Int(4) null Loss of pay for the employee Grosspay Float(8) Notnull Grosspay of the employee. Hra Float(8) Notnull Hra% for the employee. da Float(8) Notnull da% for the employee. 3.3 USER INTERFACE DESIGN MAIN FORM Screen 3.1 This Screen 3.1 is the main form of Attendance System using Fingerprint. MAIN FORM SHOWING MENU OPTIONS Screen 3.2 This Screen 3.2 is the main form of Attendance System using Fingerprint. In the main menu when employee is selected user and admin options will be shown. ADMINISTRATOR LOGIN FORM Screen 3.3 This Screen 3.3 represents the administrator login. Here the password and login should given by the administrator. ADMIN FORM Screen 3.4 This Screen 3.4 represents the administrator form. This form will be shown only when the password and login in the admin form is correct. ADMIN FORM SHOWING SUBMENUS Screen 3.5 This Screen 3.5 represents the administrator form. This form represents the choices in the main menu. REGISTRATION FORM Screen 3.6 This Screen 3.6 represents the registration form. Administrator gets the details from the new employee and stores it in the database. ADMIN FORM SHOWING MENU OPTIONS Screen 3.7 This Screen 3.7 represents the administrator form. This form represents the subdivision in the main menu. VIEW FORM Screen 3.8 This Screen 3.8 represents the view form. 0Administrator will select the id from the combo box if he needed to know the details of the employee. MAIN FORM SHOWING VIEW OPTIONS Screen 3.9 This Screen 3.9 represents the main form of the attendance system using fingerprint. LEAVE FORM Screen 3.10 This Screen 3.10 represents the leave form. Here the employees have to select the date of leave. SALARY FORM Screen 3.11 This Screen 3.11 represents the salary form. The salary of the employee will be displayed with his name. MAIN FORM SHOWING MENU OPTIONS Screen 3.12 This Screen 3.12 is the main form of Attendance System using Fingerprint. In the main menu when employee is selected user and admin options will be shown. ATTENDANCE FORM Screen 3.13 This Screen 3.13 is the Attendance form of Attendance System using Fingerprint. This form displays the details of the employee when the current thumb impression matched with the impression stored in the database. 3.4 PROCEDURAL DESIGN EMPLOYEE DETAIL MANAGEMENT Start Administrator gets new employee details Stores into database Stop Fig 3.2 This fig 3.2 represents the procedural design of employee detail management module of Attendance system using fingerprint. FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION Stop Fig 3.3 This fig 3.3 represents the procedural design of fingerprint recognition module of Attendance system using fingerprint. ATTENDANCE CALCULATION Start Recognize the employee Marks in-time and out-time Hours worked per day is calculated Days worked is calculated Stop Fig 3.4 This fig 3.4 represents the procedural design of attendance calculation module of Attendance system using fingerprint. PAYROLL CALCULATION Start Basic pay, hra, da, lic, pf are retrieved from database Loss of pay is calculated for leave taken by the employee Net pay is calculated from allowances, deductions and loss of pay Stop Fig 3.5 This fig 3.5 represents the procedural design of payroll calculation module of Attendance system using fingerprint. CHAPTER IV TESTING AND IMPLEMENTATION 4.1 TEST REPORTS Test case no Description Iteration No Expected result Actual Result Reasons for Failure 1 Validating the administrator by providing Login Id and Password. 1 Login correct Incorrect login Login Id and Password are incorrect. 1 Validating the administrator by providing Login Id and Password. 2 Login correct Correct login 2 Capturing thumb impression of the employee 1 Submitted Submitted 3 Registering the new employee details 1 Registered Registered 4 Invalid person places the thumb impression 1 No matching record No matching record 4.2 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION STEP 1: Start the process. STEP 2: Employee places the thumb on the thumb scanner. STEP 3: The scanner generates thumb code corresponding to the thumb impression. STEP 4: This code is matched with the already stored code in the database. STEP 5: If there is a match, the employee ID and employee name is retrieved from the employee table and present time is marked as intime or outtime correspondingly to the entry or exit of the employee. STEP 6: If no match occurs then No Record for the Employee message will be displayed. STEP 7: The difference between intime and outtime is marked as hours worked and each time when the employee goes out the hours worked field is updated in the database. STEP 8: According to the total no of hours worked by the employee ,attendance is marked (as half day or full day). STEP 9: The total number of days worked in the month is calculated. STEP 10: Accordingly no of leave taken by the employee is noted. STEP 11: If the casual leave and medical leave taken by him is more than the allotted leave then it is considered to be the loss of pay. STEP 12: The allowances such as HRA, DA are added and the deductions such as PF, LIC, loss of pay are deduced from the basic pay and thus the net pay is calculated. STEP 13: To include a new employee the administrator has to be logged in using the login-id and password. STEP 14: He registers the employee details such as employee-id, employee-name, date-of-birth, date-of-join, mobile-no, sex and address. STEP 15: Stop the execution. CHAPTER V CONCLUSION The use of computerized approach in employee recognition reduces lot of time and provides more security and accuracy. The system is very flexible and user friendly. Further enhancements can me made with less effort. Modification can be made to the system with out much difficulty. The system is easy to access, understand and recognition of thumb impression enables the administration to do the attendance calculation work with less effort. There is a scope for enhancement of the project in terms of advanced technologies and uploading facilities. FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS The adopting of Object Oriented Design (OOD) methodology in handling the software development makes it easy to accommodate changes, maintain, enhancements in future and upgradeability. The use of Database methods in this project enhances easy maintainability. As these mechanisms are reused, the development of newer modules and upgrading of the software to newer technology is effortless and straight forward.