Argumentative Essay on Obesity in America

Argumentative Essay on Obesity in America Obesity is an issue of concern in America and in many other developed countries. This is why it is not uncommon for students in America to be asked to write argumentative essays on obesity in America. It may be stated that one third of the essays composed by students in one way or another concerns the questions of healthy eating and lifestyle, obesity and alike. The Americans are concerned about this issue, that is why the essays writing on obesity may be done by one and the same student several times during his or her academic career. To construct an acceptable argumentative essay, it is necessary to include a claim as the main argument of the essay paper. In addition, you may also include several other arguments to support the claim, as the essay leads the reader towards a logical conclusion the essay is based upon. To come up with a good argumentative essay, you should begin with writing a strong argument that will give the reader a summarized explanation of what the essay is all about. Next, the introduction should be clear to let the readers know the focus of the argument, by stating the problem and letting the reader know the exact problem that needs to be solved. Once you have written about the problem, the main argument should therefore present the best solution to the argument . When writing the introduction for this type of paper, one should let the audience know why the idea in the paper is actually the right one for that paper or for the proposed problem stated in the essay paper. Depending on the length of the paper, the length of the introduction can range from a paragraph for a short essay paper to a few paragraphs if the essay paper is a lengthy one. Once one has determined the main argument of the essay paper, it is time to come up with arguments to support the main argument, and while doing so, it is good that each one of the arguments be split into its own paragraph. When writing this type of paper, there are a number of different arguments that one could use to stress the main points. This will result in a strong argumentative paper that will do more than send the message across to the readers. One could try using inductive reasoning when writing the argument. This will entail using a series of specific examples to lead the reader towards the conclusion one is attempting to reinforce. One could also make use of deductive arguments by using numerous ideas to lead a reader towards the conclusion. You can buy your essay online, written from scratch by academic experts at CustomWritings.com. 100% custom argumentative written essays of high quality guaranteed.

The Lion King Essays

The Lion King Essays The Lion King Essay The Lion King Essay â€Å"The Lion King† is thought to be one of the most favorite childhood movies of all time. Many people tend to think about â€Å"The Lion King† as an uplifting and inspirational movie with amazing characters and a wonderful story line. However, there are many parts of the movie that include violence and racism. But because the film is an animated movie and is thought to be for children these aspects are not directly noticed when watching it. In the movie there are a variety of symbols that illustrate racism, residence, and power. Beginning with the fact that while watching a children’s movie features such as color of the characters does not seem to have a great deal of meaning. However when analyzing these types of movies the color of each character plays a huge role in what the author was trying to portray. In â€Å"The Lion King† the main example of this is the colors of Simba and Scar. Simba is a golden bright color while Scar is a dark grey and black color. It is also clear that throughout the movie Simba is the protagonist whereas Scar is the antagonist. The bright yellow and golden color of Simba reinforces the fact that he is the hero and the loved character during the movie. Children are often taught from a young age that most dark colors associate with something that is fearful. And when thinking of how dark and dull Scars colors are people automatically think about how bad and evil of a character he is. Scar and the hyenas are both dark colors representing the poverty and disadvantage people in Africa. Additional characteristic of â€Å"The Lion King† is the residency of the different animals. When watching â€Å"The Lion King† many people do not associate the area of which the different type of animals live with the area that different type of people live. In Africa the upper class people all live in areas of plentiful resources. In the movie the pride land represents the area with all the resources; it is an area that seems cheerful and full of life while the elephant graveyard is the exact opposite. During the movie the lions and other dominant animals such as elephants and giraffes are the ones who get to live in the pride land symbolizing these animals as the upper class. While the scavenger animals such as the hyenas or lower class have to live in the elephant graveyard which represents the outskirts of the African pride lands. The elephant graveyard represents the poor and poverty filled areas of Africa. Finally, in â€Å"The Lion King† there are examples of power and hierarchy. At beginning of the movie there is scene of all the animals bowing to the new king. This scene shows that the animals know who their king is and that baby Simba is next in line for the thrown. This example reflects aspects of today’s society because it follows the type of power system many cultures have. Mufasa, Simba’s father, says â€Å"everything the light touches is our kingdom,† this statement shows that the animals also have an understanding of where their ruling territory ends just as kings, presidents and rulers do today. In conclusion, the movie â€Å"The Lion King† may seem as though it is a simple animated movie with no characteristics resembling the real world. However racism, residency and power are just a few noticeable aspects when analyzing this movie. These different examples portray diverse meanings depending on who the audience is. For young children the most important thing during the movie is how cute and loveable the characters are but for an adult these hidden meanings and messages are important.

Strategic Leadership for Non-Profit Organizations Research Paper

Strategic Leadership for Non-Profit Organizations - Research Paper Example The present research has identified that there is evidence pointing to the fact that strategic leadership is different for non-profit organizations, with Bobbi also pointing out that the nature of problems faced by non-profits are antithetical to those that for-profit organizations face. For example, for-profit organizations seek out â€Å"easy† business that almost runs itself and has minimal problems, while non-profit organizations seek out the toughest problems that need solving. This paper will set out to investigate the potential benefits and needs for strategic leadership in the non-profit organization, conducting a review of literature into the topic and applying it to the non-profit organization. A number of theoretical articles and studies have been published concerning the influence and role of non-profit organization managers generally, of which a number focus on the feasibility of applying strategic leadership theories in for-profit organizations to non-profit orga nizations. Stubbs concludes that the role of the private manager significantly differs from that of the business manager, contending that these differences included different decisional, interpersonal, and informational roles. More recently, Dym & Hutson offered their take on the existing differences between the roles played by corporate and non-corporate managers and, although they fail to offer adequate information concerning their methodology for determination of the study’s rigor, they identify five areas that the non-profit strategic leader must adopt practices used by strategic leaders in for-profit organizations.

Women's movments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Women's movments - Essay Example Mass women’s movements are no longer there since the beginning of the era of organizations that acts on their behalf such as the National Organization for Women. Opposition to women demands also led to the decline and the backsliding of the women’s movement in many forms such as silence and backlash in legal attacks on the actions taken, and the media portrayal of some women. There were also a lot of opposition from politicians, employers, and bureaucrats in the private and the public arena as Epstein (2002) asserts. The job evaluators were not keen on increasing women’s salaries to equalize it with the mens but wanted to protect the interests of their private employers. Employers also opposed any pay rises due to the fear of high costs, and working men feared a pay cut to increase the womens wages. Men with masculine superiority never wanted women work to be equal to theirs and opposed the idea greatly. There were also employment and economic changes by capitalists aimed at achieving flexibility, maximize profits, and make the movement weak. Males were opposed to payrise for women, as they wanted them to remain inferior to them in all aspects (Ehrenreich, 2005). Many changes occurred in the organizations such as labor movements not related to feminism leaving feminism organizations to focus on races, cross-class, and global focus.Women remain the active caregivers with or without pay. One major cause of the decline in the womens movement is the continuous attack on feminism and the decline of the other activist’s movements that encouraged women to demand their rights. There is a big decline in the Black Power Movements and the civil rights such that they have weakened. The other groups such as the gay and lesbian rights groups nowadays have no direction and the movement’s leaders are not willing to discuss the problems facing movements in the

When will they run out Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

When will they run out - Essay Example Scientists predict that no sooner than later people will start getting badly affected by floods, extreme temperatures, climate changes and lack of water and food. Human population will increase by 50% by 2050 and we know that human activities greatly affect the climate changes thus causing global warming. For example, human induced developmental activities in factories and industries lead to emission of toxic and greenhouse gases thus increasing the earth’s average temperature (see Figure 2). Ehrlich and Ehrlich state that â€Å"Global warming, acid rain, depletion of the ozone layer, vulnerability to epidemics, and exhaustion of soils and ground-water are all†¦related to population size.† This leads to planet un-sustainability because crop failures and AIDS will lead to many premature deaths in the coming years which will be a natural measure of population control. Since our planet’s natural resources are already being over-consumed, the increasing populati on will naturally cause global warming because too many people consume carbon-based energy. We use energy to exist, develop and grow. Energy makes our lives simpler for us. The energy industry produces for us heat, light and force. Since our needs are not going to get fewer in the next twenty years, therefore, as Taylor and Parish (viii) state, â€Å"By all accounts, the energy sector will be the growth industry of the future.† They also state that â€Å"The U.S. Department of Energy estimates that the United States will need 44 percent more electricity by 2020.† This is because the demand will increase since the country’s economy and every other field is digitally driven. Today, computers and all other technological tools take around 13% of electricity produced and this is going to increase in the coming years. Also, since internet has become a significant source of telecommunication in all informational and entertainment activities, the demand of energy will continue to increase. Renewable energy

Heuristic Evaluation Weakness And Strength Computer Science Essay

Heuristic Evaluation Weakness And Strength Computer Science Essay When choosing a usability evaluation method, it is important to understand what usability evaluation is. Usability evaluation evaluates how the interface of certain software or product works. How the test is conducted and how detailed the test can be, how it will react on tests and so on. For this study, heuristic evaluation is selected as the main analytical inspection method and for the empirical method, Usability Testing is selected. First introduced by Jakob Nielson in early 90s, the evaluation for usability was created to enhance evaluation method by taking elements such as, user interface(Rogers and Preece, 2007, p.686), dialog boxes, menus, navigation structure , online help and etc.(Rogers and Preece, 2007, p.686). This evaluation method was called heuristic evaluation and when its early establishment, usability evaluation guideline has a long list of method (Nielsen and Molich, 1990), and Nielson shorten the list to only ten of main heuristic evaluation which is(Nielsen, 2005); Visibility of system status: The system should always keep users informed about what is going on, through appropriate feedback within reasonable time. Match between system and the real world: The system should speak the users language, with words, phrases and concepts familiar to the user, rather than system-oriented terms. Follow real-world conventions, making information appear in a natural and logical order. User control and freedom: Users often choose system functions by mistake and will need a clearly marked emergency exit to leave the unwanted state without having to go through an extended dialogue. Support undo and redo. Consistency and standards: Users should not have to wonder whether different words, situations, or actions mean the same thing. Follow platform conventions. Error prevention: Even better than good error messages is a careful design which prevents a problem from occurring in the first place. Either eliminate error-prone conditions or check for them and present users with a confirmation option before they commit to the action. Recognition rather than recall: Minimize the users memory load by making objects, actions, and options visible. The user should not have to remember information from one part of the dialogue to another. Instructions for use of the system should be visible or easily retrievable whenever appropriate. Flexibility and efficiency of use: Accelerators unseen by the novice user may often speed up the interaction for the expert user such that the system can cater to both inexperienced and experienced users. Allow users to tailor frequent actions. Aesthetic and minimalist design: Dialogues should not contain information which is irrelevant or rarely needed. Every extra unit of information in a dialogue competes with the relevant units of information and diminishes their relative visibility. Help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors: Error messages should be expressed in plain language (no codes), precisely indicate the problem, and constructively suggest a solution. Help and documentation: Even though it is better if the system can be used without documentation, it may be necessary to provide help and documentation. Any such information should be easy to search, focused on the users task, list concrete steps to be carried out, and not be too large. These sets of rules or guideline set the benchmark on how to evaluate usability on interface designs. For example, Mook (2008) research on Microsoft Windows XP Usability testing that is conducted by Bloomberg University, Washington shows that several functionality testing is conducted with the participation of students from the same University, such as setting up an email account, writing an letter, saving a letter copy and sending the final were the part of a important study on how those interface function works. Heuristic Evaluation Strength Heuristic evaluation can be seen as one of the usability methods that is knows as Usability discount engineering (Useit, 2001). The main advantages of Heuristic Evaluation can be verified as cost efficient, intuitive, planning on evaluation doesnt need any advance feature and it can be used easily in early development phases (Nielson and Molich, 1990). Cost Efficient: Cost Efficient or cheap means that it can be implemented in any development phases. For example, when creating a System, evaluation can be done on interfaces that are in Prototype Development Phase. This evaluation can be easily done without jeopardizing the cost when evaluating.(Cockton et.al, 2003) Intuitive: Intuitive means that is it easy to ask people to evaluate using Heuristic evaluation method, for example, evaluation can be done both by students or professionals and independently. (Nielsel and Molich, 1990). Advance Planning not required: Heuristic Evaluation also doesnt need advance planning prior to evaluation, meaning that it is evaluated with the rules or guidelines, with reference to Ten Usability Guidelines. Can be used easily in early development phases: Evaluation or test can be done before the final finished product is out. Meaning that it can be tested within the prototype or beta version of the product. Heuristic Evaluation Weakness Not currently solving identified problems: According to Nielson and Molich (1990), one of the disadvantages of Heuristic evaluation is problem are identified regardless of suggestions how to solve them. For example, once the problem has been identified, evaluators doesnt tend to get information for how to resolve the current problems. Working on multiple number of problems: As suggested by Nielsen and Molich (1990), evaluators just tend to identify several small usability issues, though several more are experts are useful to identify multiple problems. Not suitable on complex interfaces: Because in heuristic evaluation uses small amount of evaluators, they tend to missed out several issues, such as minor issues in complex interfaces. Usability Testing Description The approach for Usability Testing is the test that is conducted toward a product or website to ensure that the product or website is in functional state. Meanwhile, empirical uses more approach towards the thorough observation of the current system. The goal of Usability Testing is to get feedback from users whether the product that is being developed is usable by its standards. Usability testing in earlier days is conducted to investigate the usability efficiency features on interfaces (Rogers and Preece, 2007, p.646). For example, tests conducted on twelve students, by the Wichita State University (Lenz, 2008), to test usability of several gaming peripherals, such as gaming joystick, gaming pad and mouse. Participants of this test firstly need to fill out a questionnaire based on their gaming experience (Lenz, 2008) and their objective is to eliminate 15 enemy robots as quickly and efficiency as possible (Lenz, 2008). These results are recorded and later processed to be viewed as a full video. Data recorded such as how many enemies killed, time to be taken to kill an enemy and how many shots fired per kill are recorded (Lenz, 2008). Usability testing is divided into two groups, which is analytical and empirical, the analytical method means that the evaluated system are thoroughly checked and examined to crucially identify problems. Usability Testing Strength Usability Testing is a procedure that ensures that the final product is meeting the current specification and doing the tasks it supposed to do. Several advantages of Usability Testing can be identified, such as direct feedback from users, how to react to problems and resolving potential problems, if arises (McGregor, n.d) Direct Feedback from Users: Getting the required feedback from users is one of the advantages when using the usability testing. For example, questionnaires are such tools when using usability testing. Hands on users usage on interfaces are also one of the direct feedbacks that are used in usability testing. For example, testers on interactive websites can directly interact with websites and gives feedback to evaluators respectively. How to react to current problem: If problem arises, evaluators can react directly to specific problems and options. For example, when evaluating websites, if certain links are not working, the evaluators can directly spot the problems Resolving potential Problems: Launch of the final product can be done and fixing by the final product is launched. For example, once the problems are spotted, any problems can be fixed in mean time before the product is finalized. Usability Testing Weaknesses Costly in regards of equipment, staffing and facility: For example, when conducting tests, costs of equipment can be high, because of setting up of computers, questionnaires and so on. Analysis of data collected is complex: Once the tests are conducted, evaluators need to analyze those data. Usually these data are complex, for example going through hundreds of questionnaires to get the final data, this create more time consuming on staff. Require commitments by testers: For example, test on websites with a 10 students currently testing interfaces on websites will need full commitments of students, thus creating inflexible time rate with the testers. Task 2 Introduction LiveAtc Website is a live Air Traffic Control online website that enables visitors to hear live ATC from various airports in the world. Although overall look of the website is reasonable, but there are number of issues that will cause problems for users visiting to the site. Using heuristic evaluation of the website, users will generally satisfy when visiting the site. Heuristic Evaluation Heuristic Evaluation will be used upon evaluating of the website. The basic ten general heuristic are; Visibility of system status. Match between system and the real world. User control and freedom. Consistency and standards. Error prevention. Recognition rather than recall. Flexibility and efficiency of use. Aesthetic and minimalist design. Help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors. Help and documentation. Evaluated Website: http://www.liveatc.net Date Accessed: 20 November 2010. Nielsen(n.d) also suggested that a scale rating from 0(Zero) to 4(Four) should be used to identify the severity of the problem. Rating Description 0 No Usability Problem At All. 1 Cosmetic problem only; need not be fixed unless extra time is available on project. 2 Minor usability problem: fixing this should be given low priority. 3 Major usability problem: important to fix, so should be given high priority. 4 Usability catastrophe: imperative to fix this before product can be released. Table 1: Nielsen recommended severity table. Problem 1 Brief description of problem: Color hyperlink coding not available thus denying link recognition Problem for User: User has to remember each link page before moving to another one, thus making problem remembering where theyre left before. Heuristic conformed to: Recognition rather than recall, because User has to recall where theyve been before rather than having color hyperlink recognition. Severity of the problem: Rating number 3; Major usability problem: important to fix, so should be given high priority. Problem 2 Brief description of problem: Website doesnt have any back button to the link before it, thus making user have to use the back browser button instead. Problem for User: User will have problem navigation from each link to another without a back or forward button. Heuristic conformed to: User control and freedom, because user doesnt have any control and freedom for each link, thus will limit them on going back and forward on each link. Severity of the problem: Rating number 4, Usability catastrophe: imperative to fix this before product can be released. Problem 3 Brief description of problem: Website design is complicated. Banner and icons are not properly aligned. Webpage width and size for different links are not standardized. The content copyright footer doesnt align properly. Problem for User: On some pages, User have to scroll down to just click the About button, because there is no standardization between web links within the pages. Heuristic conformed to : Consistency and standards , because the website doesnt have consistency and standards such as , between pages, there is no standard size or page limit, certain web links have different size and confusing links. Severity of the problem: Rating number 3, Major usability problem: important to fix, so should be given high priority. Problem 4 Brief description of problem: On the Frequently Asked Question (FAQ) page, it links to another site, which is a forum site. This hinder user from get quick help from the website but rather have to ask and wait for a required help. Problem for user: User would have to search from a long list of FAQ and by the end of the list; they might not find the required answer. Asking in a forum would just make the user wait for answers rather getting the answer immediately. Heuristic conformed to: Help and documentation, because of the nature of the FAQ given on the site, long lists of FAQ are given. But not all would cater the needs of the user and the FAQ link is not so helpful on users. Severity of the problem: Rating number 2, Minor usability problem: fixing this should be given low priority. Problem 5 Brief description of problem: Website doesnt have an effective navigation menu. For example, the main page has a poor navigation menu. Links are not properly justified and creates confusion. Problem for User: User often gets confused on whether the link is as one or not because there is no separation between links. Heuristic conformed to: Visibility of system status. This is because lack of features such as effective navigation menu hinders the user to have easy usability of the website. Severity of the problem: Rating number 2, Minor usability problem: fixing this should be given low priority. Problem 6 Brief description of problem: There is no accessibility features for users who has problems viewing the icons and fonts on the website. Zoom feature or enlarging the site features should help. Problem for user: User who have accessibility problem will have difficulties going through the site as there is no accessibility features such as font enlargement or zoom features. Heuristic conformed to: Flexibility and inefficiency of use, because accessibility features are not anywhere in the website or in their links. Severity of the problem: Rating number 2, Minor usability problem: fixing this should be given low priority. Summary According to Nielsen (n.d), related usability problem can be found in four ways, that is, in a single location in the interface, at two or more locations that have to be compared to find. Overall structure of the problem interface and something that can be included in the interface but it is missing. In the Heuristic evaluation done above, the biggest single problem with the LiveAtc website is that, the design is too simple and would only cater with experienced visitor or user. Although problems can be identified more than six (6), but the most obvious problem is what has been evaluated above. Problems would occur if inexperience visitor is browsing through the site and would have difficulties such as navigating and understanding regardless the anonymity of the un-standardized of some web links it has. Severity rating when evaluating the website was from two (2) to four (4) rating, with reference to the Nielsen Severity Rating table. This shows that the website has problems range fro m cosmetic until problems that need to be fixed before publishing it to the internet. According to Nielsen experience with rating severity in heuristic evaluation (Nielsen, n.d), he suggested that, severity ratings from a single evaluator are too unreliable to be trusted and recommend a three (3) evaluator when doing heuristic evaluation. Accuracy and reliability of rating severity determines from how complicated the product or website that would want to be evaluated. LiveATC website is a very simple website and when judging from the Nielsen experience when rating severity, it could be that the accuracy of the evaluation would be more reliable because of the simplicity of the website evaluated.

Indexical Grids and the Construction of Identity in Wilde’s The Importa

The Victorian Google: Indexical Grids and the Construction of Identity in Wilde’s The Importance of Earnest This paper considers the indexical grid, those texts such as the railway time table, the army list, or the postal directory upon which the Victorians depended to manage the proliferation of information in the nineteenth century even as we use internet search engines such as Google today. Then as now the indexical grid surpassed its utilitarian function as simply a means of locating a person’s address or confirming a fact. It fundamentally altered the subject’s relation to the organization of knowledge, and, in so doing, provided possibilities for new modes of identity formation. This paper takes Wilde’s The Importance of Being Earnest as its case in point in order to argue for the productive function of the indexical grid, its capacity to disinter the subject from its organic rootedness in history, even while invoking history as the condition of this alternative model of subjectivity. In the modern world of information, it concludes, one discovers the â€Å"trut h† of one’s being not in the experiential process celebrated by the bildungsroman, but in the depthless alphabetical arrangements of the archive. Foucault’s The Order of Things describes the modern episteme as resulting from the breakdown of the taxonomic imperatives of Classicism. The exemplary form of such imperatives was the scientific table, the mathematical function of which was to link things together through external resemblances and differences that effaced their relation to history; in such an order, â€Å"the sequence of chronologies merely scanned the prior and more fundamental space of a table which presented all possibilities in advance† (218). By the nineteent... ...d in the same way,† as Derrida notes, â€Å"is no longer lived the same way. Archivable meaning is also and in advance codeteremined by the structure that archives† (18). The effect of this structure is not to arrest Jack within the space of order, but to affirm his identity an effect of its productive potential. In a world in which subjectivity seems more often to reside on the surfaces of an index card than in the deep recesses of the self, â€Å"[t]he truth,† as Algy says, â€Å"is rarely pure and simple. Modern life would be very tedious if it were either, and modern literature, a complete impossibility!† Works Cited Derrida, Jacques. Archive Fever: A Freudian Impression. Trans. Eric Prenowitz. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1996 Foucault, Michel. The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences. New York: Vintage, 1973. Wilde, Oscar. The Importance f Being Earnest.

Review of literature

Grand Canyon University Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases MRS.-IV Sandra White July 3, 2014 Epidemiology Hepatitis B We have come far in healthcare and everyday we get closer to solutions and can succeed in the understanding of disease processes unknown and foreign to us. We have been challenged many times by the illnesses that have taken so many lives but never in vain as when this unfortunate event has happened we have been able to get closer to a solution.The many diseases that have been a main factor in causing death are many however; we have come far in the vaccination process and treatments. In this paper we will focus on Hepatitis B. The virus that has been around for many years and was unknown to mankind until it became a global issues, causing scientists from all over the world to assess, evaluate and then research for a vaccination against this virus, in the 1965 by DRP Plumber however, it was licensed in the unites states in 1981 to be used as it showed a 90 or greate r % chance of treatment (â€Å"Hepatitis B foundation,† 2014).Writing about hepatitis B and talking about, people will understand that it is a virus which they should get vaccinated for or have their children vaccinated however, what truly is Hepatitis B and what does it do? Continuing on this important subject this writer will start off by explaining where this virus was discovered and where it could have manifested. We will also discuss the symptoms, treatment and environmental factors contributing to the disease. Including the nurses' role in the system. What can a health care worker contribute and teach the community?Hepatitis B (HUB) affects the liver of the infected person. It in turn causes scaring of he liver, liver diseases, death and liver cancer (CDC, 2014). The way a person can get infected in the first place varies. Many times one could get infected by blood ; open sores, sharing needles, unprotected intercourse and any other way of transferring blood from an exp osed person to an unexposed person. The infection is not such as HIVE, meaning you get infected once and then you raise immunity towards it and will not be exposed or get infected again.This also varies as some, will not get rid of the infection. If this occurs, where someone has been infected for more than six months hey will be considered a carrier and can easily without any sign and symptoms of infection, infect others. The symptoms vary from person to person however the main symptoms and side effects include and are not limited to, fever, Jaundice, abdominal pain, unexplained fatigue and unusual light colored stools, causing extreme gastrointestinal dysfunctions and pain (â€Å"Hepatitis B foundation,† 2014).A damaged liver caused by the HUB can be detrimental. The liver is an organ we can not survive without, it is as it would be an engine, cleaning the system; clearing the load of waste products, drugs, making clotting factors to stop excessive bleeding after cuts and i njuries. It also produces immune factors and will remove bacteria from the blood. Furthermore, it also releases bile to help digest food and absorb many nutrients needed (â€Å"Hepatitis B foundation,† 2014). HUB can cause liver cancer and if not treated immediately, it can be detrimental to the affected person.It is important to have a liver biopsy in this case and move forward with appropriate treatment such as any surgical removal of tumor or targeted liver chemotherapy. Treating and preventing this disease is mainly and most focused on certain age groups. It in this case has a demographic interest approach. Per the Hepatitis B Foundation, they report that the â€Å"risk of developing a chronic hepatitis infection is directly related to the age at which one becomes infected with the virus (â€Å"Hepatitis B foundation,† 2014).Per the Centers for disease control and prevention they report that the highest rated infected populations are infants with infected mothers, health care workers, intercourse between men, population who share needles between hem when using illicit drugs and any contact between infected and uninfected person. They continue to report that there is no acute treatment for an acute infection and that treatment is supportive, as many may also not have clear symptoms at first. Furthermore, per the world health organization, they report â€Å"more than 780 000 people die every year† form HUB in the world (WHO, 2014).The geographical distribution is such that the highest rate presents in the sub Sahara Africa and East Asia. We must understand that these are poor unprivileged areas in the world and cost likely and many times do not have enough access to education, vaccines or treatment. The world organization of health reports that most of these people in these areas are infected as children and 5-10 % of adults become chronically infected with HUB however, in general it is reported by WHO as well that 15-25% of adults who become chronically infected during childhood die from hepatitis B- related liver cancer or cirrhosis. WHO, 2014). Again, the vaccine has been available for everyone since 1982 shortly after it was discovered in 1965. It has shown and proven to decrease the infection by 95% (CDC, 2014). However, funding and availability of transport and financial support is lacking to spread the vaccination to these regions and could, unfortunately take many more lives before a solution can be reached and adding that â€Å"HUB and HCI infections account for the majority of cirrhosis and primary liver cancer throughout most of the world† (Peer,J. F. , Armstrong, G. L, 2006).Further discussing the HUB this writer will contrast it towards the epidemiology triangle, which was founded and created by researchers to better understand and solve health problems including viruses and infections. By researching around the epidemiology triangle for Hepatitis B we can understand that there is an agent, whi ch in this case would be the HUB (virus), which, then will infect the host (a human). Vertex number three is the environmental factor researches pertain to as â€Å"where†, the condition of the host, the outside factors causing the agent to reside on host and infect it.For hepatitis B we have confirmed that all the factors exist. The agent (HUB) will enter the host whom would be the human blood cells, in other words, HUB infection is caused by the virus which will penetrate in to the cell and release its gnome into it. As we will not go into the details of the viral life cycle but including that per the Journal by Lu X and Block Timothy, in their research, † Study of early steps of hepatitis B life cycle† they report that the virus will infect its host by three stages called; attachment, fusion and entry.The research is still ongoing on the specifics of the complete cycle of the HUB (Lu & Block, 2004). The environmental factor includes dried blood on surfaces, whi ch is infected, and if another person will have contact with it. Another environmental situation can be the needles found on streets seed by drug users whom can have been infected as well. When healthcare workers work with blood pathogens and areas where they could easily be exposed it is important for them to be vaccinated before hand as this environmental factor could have a deadly turn out.So what is the role of the community nurse in this case and in regards to hepatitis B? As nurses are to advocate for their community it is also a responsibility for some to step up in their role and collect data and analyze the case findings within the community. In this regard it is important and in many cases also a requirement for a ruse to obtain a baccalaureate degree in nursing and to then establish partnership and collaboration with public health professionals.It is important for the public health nurse to involve the community and their awareness on public safety, vaccination and preven tion of diseases. Some ways a public health nurse can participate is to help clinics control communicable diseases, educate and participate in environmental sanitation, health education including schools as well. To control and manage results, increase or decrease of disease within the community, a nurse could for example collect data by questionnaires.Another way would be to collaborate with laboratories by collecting data and assessing the results Furthermore, nurses should follow up with every patient who might have been infected or could be at risk for infection by doing home calls or call patients back to assess results and contribute further in education. There are many national agencies one can choose to seek further information from or refer a client too; one of them is the center for disease control and prevention. Another major agency is the world health organization, which also covers on an international level.Another online site that can be viewed is Hepatitis B foundati on with tremendous amount of information and the latest updates on research. For the serving and veterans the VA has many resources as well that can be visited. As the information has become vast and with new technology discovered, we are get a little closer to a wider solution and treatment including prevention. There are still many vast majorities of regions that are in need of proper education and preventive care such as vaccines however, with the appropriate funding and health care providers this goal can also be reached. Review of literature Grand Canyon University Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases MRS.-IV Sandra White July 3, 2014 Epidemiology Hepatitis B We have come far in healthcare and everyday we get closer to solutions and can succeed in the understanding of disease processes unknown and foreign to us. We have been challenged many times by the illnesses that have taken so many lives but never in vain as when this unfortunate event has happened we have been able to get closer to a solution.The many diseases that have been a main factor in causing death are many however; we have come far in the vaccination process and treatments. In this paper we will focus on Hepatitis B. The virus that has been around for many years and was unknown to mankind until it became a global issues, causing scientists from all over the world to assess, evaluate and then research for a vaccination against this virus, in the 1965 by DRP Plumber however, it was licensed in the unites states in 1981 to be used as it showed a 90 or greate r % chance of treatment (â€Å"Hepatitis B foundation,† 2014).Writing about hepatitis B and talking about, people will understand that it is a virus which they should get vaccinated for or have their children vaccinated however, what truly is Hepatitis B and what does it do? Continuing on this important subject this writer will start off by explaining where this virus was discovered and where it could have manifested. We will also discuss the symptoms, treatment and environmental factors contributing to the disease. Including the nurses' role in the system. What can a health care worker contribute and teach the community?Hepatitis B (HUB) affects the liver of the infected person. It in turn causes scaring of he liver, liver diseases, death and liver cancer (CDC, 2014). The way a person can get infected in the first place varies. Many times one could get infected by blood ; open sores, sharing needles, unprotected intercourse and any other way of transferring blood from an exp osed person to an unexposed person. The infection is not such as HIVE, meaning you get infected once and then you raise immunity towards it and will not be exposed or get infected again.This also varies as some, will not get rid of the infection. If this occurs, where someone has been infected for more than six months hey will be considered a carrier and can easily without any sign and symptoms of infection, infect others. The symptoms vary from person to person however the main symptoms and side effects include and are not limited to, fever, Jaundice, abdominal pain, unexplained fatigue and unusual light colored stools, causing extreme gastrointestinal dysfunctions and pain (â€Å"Hepatitis B foundation,† 2014).A damaged liver caused by the HUB can be detrimental. The liver is an organ we can not survive without, it is as it would be an engine, cleaning the system; clearing the load of waste products, drugs, making clotting factors to stop excessive bleeding after cuts and i njuries. It also produces immune factors and will remove bacteria from the blood. Furthermore, it also releases bile to help digest food and absorb many nutrients needed (â€Å"Hepatitis B foundation,† 2014). HUB can cause liver cancer and if not treated immediately, it can be detrimental to the affected person.It is important to have a liver biopsy in this case and move forward with appropriate treatment such as any surgical removal of tumor or targeted liver chemotherapy. Treating and preventing this disease is mainly and most focused on certain age groups. It in this case has a demographic interest approach. Per the Hepatitis B Foundation, they report that the â€Å"risk of developing a chronic hepatitis infection is directly related to the age at which one becomes infected with the virus (â€Å"Hepatitis B foundation,† 2014).Per the Centers for disease control and prevention they report that the highest rated infected populations are infants with infected mothers, health care workers, intercourse between men, population who share needles between hem when using illicit drugs and any contact between infected and uninfected person. They continue to report that there is no acute treatment for an acute infection and that treatment is supportive, as many may also not have clear symptoms at first. Furthermore, per the world health organization, they report â€Å"more than 780 000 people die every year† form HUB in the world (WHO, 2014).The geographical distribution is such that the highest rate presents in the sub Sahara Africa and East Asia. We must understand that these are poor unprivileged areas in the world and cost likely and many times do not have enough access to education, vaccines or treatment. The world organization of health reports that most of these people in these areas are infected as children and 5-10 % of adults become chronically infected with HUB however, in general it is reported by WHO as well that 15-25% of adults who become chronically infected during childhood die from hepatitis B- related liver cancer or cirrhosis. WHO, 2014). Again, the vaccine has been available for everyone since 1982 shortly after it was discovered in 1965. It has shown and proven to decrease the infection by 95% (CDC, 2014). However, funding and availability of transport and financial support is lacking to spread the vaccination to these regions and could, unfortunately take many more lives before a solution can be reached and adding that â€Å"HUB and HCI infections account for the majority of cirrhosis and primary liver cancer throughout most of the world† (Peer,J. F. , Armstrong, G. L, 2006).Further discussing the HUB this writer will contrast it towards the epidemiology triangle, which was founded and created by researchers to better understand and solve health problems including viruses and infections. By researching around the epidemiology triangle for Hepatitis B we can understand that there is an agent, whi ch in this case would be the HUB (virus), which, then will infect the host (a human). Vertex number three is the environmental factor researches pertain to as â€Å"where†, the condition of the host, the outside factors causing the agent to reside on host and infect it.For hepatitis B we have confirmed that all the factors exist. The agent (HUB) will enter the host whom would be the human blood cells, in other words, HUB infection is caused by the virus which will penetrate in to the cell and release its gnome into it. As we will not go into the details of the viral life cycle but including that per the Journal by Lu X and Block Timothy, in their research, † Study of early steps of hepatitis B life cycle† they report that the virus will infect its host by three stages called; attachment, fusion and entry.The research is still ongoing on the specifics of the complete cycle of the HUB (Lu & Block, 2004). The environmental factor includes dried blood on surfaces, whi ch is infected, and if another person will have contact with it. Another environmental situation can be the needles found on streets seed by drug users whom can have been infected as well. When healthcare workers work with blood pathogens and areas where they could easily be exposed it is important for them to be vaccinated before hand as this environmental factor could have a deadly turn out.So what is the role of the community nurse in this case and in regards to hepatitis B? As nurses are to advocate for their community it is also a responsibility for some to step up in their role and collect data and analyze the case findings within the community. In this regard it is important and in many cases also a requirement for a ruse to obtain a baccalaureate degree in nursing and to then establish partnership and collaboration with public health professionals.It is important for the public health nurse to involve the community and their awareness on public safety, vaccination and preven tion of diseases. Some ways a public health nurse can participate is to help clinics control communicable diseases, educate and participate in environmental sanitation, health education including schools as well. To control and manage results, increase or decrease of disease within the community, a nurse could for example collect data by questionnaires.Another way would be to collaborate with laboratories by collecting data and assessing the results Furthermore, nurses should follow up with every patient who might have been infected or could be at risk for infection by doing home calls or call patients back to assess results and contribute further in education. There are many national agencies one can choose to seek further information from or refer a client too; one of them is the center for disease control and prevention. Another major agency is the world health organization, which also covers on an international level.Another online site that can be viewed is Hepatitis B foundati on with tremendous amount of information and the latest updates on research. For the serving and veterans the VA has many resources as well that can be visited. As the information has become vast and with new technology discovered, we are get a little closer to a wider solution and treatment including prevention. There are still many vast majorities of regions that are in need of proper education and preventive care such as vaccines however, with the appropriate funding and health care providers this goal can also be reached.

The Real Black Death Professor Ramos Blog

The Real Black Death The Real Black Death It is common for children to be afraid of a certain monster such as the boogieman, but how often does a monster manage to shatter the will of fully grown adults? Well, that’s exactly what the Xenomorph does; it is so terrifying and monstrous that no aura of bravery could even slightly diminish the ominous vibe that emits from the Xenomorph. The Xenomorph is an extraterrestrial life form that first appears in Ridley Scott’s 1979 film, Alien. The Xenomorph has been featured in the Alien Quadrilogy, film spinoffs such as Alien vs. Predator, comics, and video games. The Xenomorph species serves as the main antagonist in the Alien Quadrilogy, in which it murders senselessly with no regard for anything except self-preservation. The Xenomorph is a terrifying creation that by any means can be classified as purely a monster. A contributing factor to the monstrous existence of the Xenomorph is that it is an embodiment of the fear of extraterrestrial life. Due to our limited experience in space, we are yet to come into contact with life beyond Earth. Such a condition creates an anxiety of what life beyond earth might be like. In Jeffrey Cohen’s, Monster Culture (Seven Theses), the foundations of what make up a monster are explored and evaluated using seven distinct theses. One of seven theses in Cohens seven theses is titled â€Å"Thesis V. The Monster Polices the Borders of the Possible† and the thesis states that monsters are created at the boundaries of what is known to possible in the time of the monster’s creation.   The Xenomorph can most definitely fall into â€Å"Thesis V. The Monster Dwells at the Gates of Difference†, for the Xenomorph’s creation was in 1979; a period where mankind had extremely limited knowledge of the space, and especially an ignorance regar ding the possibility of life beyond Earth. The Xenomorph is a representation of the anxiety that the human race has towards what life could be beyond Earth. Humans and Xenomorphs differ greatly in many ways, in fact, the differences are so great that Xenomorphs must be labeled as monstrous. Cohen’s â€Å"Thesis IV. The Monster Dwells at the Gates of Difference†, elaborates that monsters are created where differences are found among cultures or beliefs. For instance, a monster could be an extremely rich person in a neighborhood filled with impoverished people. The Xenomorph appears has no conscience that extends beyond its need for propagation and self-preservation. The behavior of such a creature most definitely is so primal and savage that its behavior alone is enough for it to be labeled as monstrous, for the Xenomorph violates thousands of years of evolution of human morals and culture. The Xenomorph has a terrifying physical appearance, however, its appearance varies as a result of the way Xenomorphs are created. An egg is birthed from the queen Xenomorph, shortly after a facehugger emerges from the egg to seek a host t o implant a Xenomorph egg in, the facehugger latches onto the face of whatever species it seeks to impregnate and shoves an egg down the hosts throat, lastly a baby Xenomorph bursts from the body of whatever species that served as its incubator. The Xenomorphs egg pairs with the DNA of the host which results in slightly similar aspects between the Xenomorph and its host. For instance, a dog is impregnated by a facehugger and as a result, the xenomorph slightly resembles a dog, for it walks on four legs. If a human is impregnated by a facehugger the result will be a two-legged monstrosity. The appearance of a Xenomorph that births from the chest of a human results with a tall two legend creature that is all black, has a tail with a blade fixed to the end, a long eyeless head with two jaws including a tongue that is used to penetrate the flesh of prey, and long arms with sharp claws. Oh yeah, and the Xenomorphs blood is made of acid that can melt metal! Such a bizarre form creates the image of something that is truly monstrous, for it is unlike anything that lives on Earth. The presence of the Xenomorph is more than enough to classify it as a terrifying monster. The Xenomorph gets very little screen time in all the films in the Alien Quadrilogy, but the brief appearances leave lasting impressions of horror and anxiety. The Xenomorphs first appearance as a newborn shakes the audience to their core and leaves the first impression that the Xenomorph is a monster of nightmarish proportions. In front of all other spacecraft crewmembers a baby Xenomorph bursts from the chest of a crew member, then quickly vanished from the crew’s sight to hide within the spaceship until it is fully grown. The Xenomorph infant looks serpent-like in appearance with sharp teeth. In Eric Wargo’s article, â€Å"How Many Seconds to a First Impression?†, the time that it takes as well as the results of a first impression are explained in detail. The lasting terror that follows the first appearance of the Xenomorph can  be explained in the way that humans make first impressions, for it is stated that â€Å"A series of experiments by Princeton psychologists Janine Willis and Alexander Todorov reveal that all it takes is a tenth of a second to form an impression of a stranger from their face and that longer exposures don’t significantly alter those impressions† (Wargo). The impression that the baby Xenomorph leaves is powerful enough to establish a sense of terror amongst the spaceship crew members, for an unknown creature just burst from the chest of a fellow crew member killing him in the process. The first impression left is one of terror, not just because someone died, but also because the crew members are left with the fear of something totally unknown to them. The Xenomorph gets very little screen time and it is often not seen by its prey until they have met their demise at the hands of the Xenomorph. The time that the Xenomorph is not in front of its prey, its disappearance creates a powerful fear of the unknown. In cin ephiliabeyond.org’s  examination of the Xenomorph titled â€Å"Ridley Scott’s Masterpiece ‘Alien’: Nothing Is as Terrifying as the Fear of the Unknown†, it is stated â€Å"†¦nothing is so powerful a generator of fear as human imagination, and nothing is so terrifying to people as the unknown† (Ridley Scott’s Masterpiece ‘Alien’†¦). The Xenomorph establishes an aura of fear by spending as much time as possible unseen by its prey leaving the human imagination to decipher how monstrous and terrible the Xenomorph is. The Xenomorphs brief appearances are strong enough to leave humans with a lasting sense of terror that is rooted in the fear of the unknown. The Xenomorph is a monster  that has effectively terrified humans by means of exploiting the fear of the unknown that humans possess and shattering what we humans view as normal. The behavior of the xenomorph is murderous and extremely primal  which is a steep difference between how humans wish to conduct themselves. The Xenomorph is able to create lasting fear from its very brief physical encounters with humans. Our limited knowledge of extraterrestrial life serves as the catalyst for the Xenomorphs manifestation of terror and monstrous existence. The first thing that comes to mind when briefly thinking about the Xenomorph is the word â€Å"monster†. Annotated Bibliography Cohen, Jeffrey Jerome. â€Å"Monster Culture  (Seven Theses).†. Gothic Horror: A Guide for Students and readers (2007):198-217. -A document handed out in class that elaborates how the monsters that we make are made and why. The document goes into depth on monster theory by explaining seven theses that are relevant to the existence and creation of monsters. The document also defines what makes a monster a monster. The document is used in my evaluation as a measure of how monstrous the Xenomorph is. The source is reliable because it is used as source material for a college level English class. Wargo, Eric. â€Å"How Many Seconds to a First Impression?†Ã‚  Association for Psychological                 Ã‚  Science, July 2006, psychologicalscience.org/observer/how-many-seconds-to-a-     first-impression.    An elaboration on a study of first  impressions. The study goes into how first impressions are made, and just how briefly first impressions are made. This information is used to support that the Xenomorphs leave a heavy impression despite their brief appearances. The information is credible, for its material is backed by reliable experimentation and data analysis. â€Å"Ridley Scotts  Masterpiece Alien: Nothing Is as Terrifying as the Fear of the Unknown† Cinephilia Beyond, 27 Apr. 2018, cinephiliabeyond.org/ridley-scotts-masterpiece-                     alien-  nothing-terrifying-fear-unknown/. An Examination of the Xenomorph. The Xenomorphs creation and how it ties into the 1979 film Alien are explained in the article. The article is a full dedication to support the claim that the Xenomorph is a product of experts in costume design and wiring. This article was used to quote the nature and fear that the Xenomorphs produce. The article comes from a reliable and credible website that examines films. Links to Images Used -https://giphy.com/gifs/aliens-alien-resurrection-sDfpvYH0WMK5O?utm_source=iframeutm_medium=embedutm_campaign=Embedsutm_term=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cineworld.co.uk%2Fblog%2Falien-covenant-xenomorph- -https://giphy.com/gifs/alien-bjT6BX84Wwox2- -https://nofilmschool.com/2016/09/beauty-h-r-gigers-grotesque-xenomorph-monsters-alien- -https://www.deviantart.com/uncannyknack/art/Xenomorph-full-body-505524169- -https://giphy.com/gifs/birth-QjpW9xb0CWpby-

Santiago Calatrava, Biography of the Architect Engineer

Santiago Calatrava, Biography of the Architect Engineer Famous for his bridges and train stations, Spanish modernist Santiago Calatrava (born July 28, 1951) combines artistry with engineering. His graceful, organic structures have been compared to the works of Antonio Gaudà ­. Fast Facts: Santiago Calatrava Known For: Spanish architect, structural engineer, sculptor and painter, particularly known for his bridges supported by single leaning pylons as well as his railway stations, stadiums, and museums, whose sculptural forms often resemble living organisms.Born: July 28, 1951Education: Valencia Arts School, Valencia Architecture School (Spain), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich, SwitzerlandAwards and Honors: London Institution of Structural Engineers Gold Medal, Toronto Municipality Urban Design Award, Gold Medal for Excellence in the Fine Arts from the Granada Ministry of Culture, Prince of Asturias Award in Arts, AIA Gold Medal, Spanish National Architecture Award Important Projects 1989-1992: Alamillo Bridge, Seville, Spain1991: Montjuic Communications Tower, at the 1992 Olympic site in Barcelona, Spain1996: City of Arts and Sciences, Valencia, Spain1998: Gare do Oriente Station, Lisbon, Portugal2001: Milwaukee Art Museum, Quadracci Pavilion, Milwaukee, Wisconsin2003: Ysios Wine Estate Laguardia, Spain2003: Tenerife Concert Hall in Santa Cruz, Tenerife, Canary Islands2004: Olympic Sports Complex, Athens, Greece2005: The Turning Torso, Malmà ¶, Sweden2009: Train Station, Lià ¨ge, Belgium2012: Margaret McDermott Bridge, Trinity River Corridor Bridges, Dallas, Texas2014: Innovation, Science and Technology (IST) Building, Lakeland, Florida2015: Museu do Amanh (The Museum of Tomorrow), Rio de Janeiro2016: World Trade Center Transportation Hub, New York City Career Highlights A renowned architect, engineer, and sculptor, Santiago Calatrava received an AIA commemorative gold medallion in 2012 as one of the 15 Architects of Healing for his transportation hub design, the new train and subway station at the World Trade Center site in New York City. Calling Calatravas work open and organic, the New York Times declared that the new terminal would evoke the kind of uplifting spirituality that is needed on Ground Zero. Santiago Calatrava is not without his critics. In the world of architecture, Calatrava is typecast as more of an arrogant engineer than a designer. The vision of his aesthetics is often not well-communicated, or perhaps is absent from his designs. More importantly, perhaps, is his well-known reputation of unsupervised workmanship and cost overruns. Many of his projects have ended up in various legal systems as expensive buildings seem to deteriorate quickly into disrepair. It is hard to find a Calatrava project that has not been significantly over budget, reports The New York Times. And complaints abound that he is indifferent to the needs of his clients. Rightfully or not, Calatrava has been placed in the starchitect category, with all of its associated back-biting and egotism. Sources Santiago Calatrava Official Site Santiago Calatrava (unofficial web site)Santiago Calatrava: The Worlds Most Hated Architect? by Karrie Jacobs, Fast Company Design, December 18, 2014Santiago Calatrava, from the Canary Islands to Manhattan Island by Fred A. Bernstein, published in The New York Times, October 26, 2003Its the Architecture, Not The Architect, Im Rooting For by Fred A. Bernstein, published in Architectural Record, December 2013Santiago Calatrava The Bridges by Alexander Tzonis and Rebeca Caso Donadei, 2005Santiago Calatrava: Complete Works, Expanded Edition by Alexander Tzonis, Rizzoli, 2007Transit Hub Design May Be Simplified Analysis of plans for reconstruction in New York City, from the New York Times. A Star Architect Leaves Some Clients Fuming by Suzanne Daley, The New York Times, September 24, 2013

NIMBY phenomenon + Home Rule + flexible zoning Research Paper

NIMBY phenomenon + Home Rule + flexible zoning - Research Paper Example Their point of argument is that such projects ruin the image of that particular place. They are also concerned that this would lead immense pollution of their environment. Pollution in this case refers to the noise, dust, fumes and odor that would come with these projects. This phenomenon has applied in many cases since time in memorial. For instance, in 1970, a proposal to build a mega railway connecting five cities in Texas was terminated due to residents’ defiance against it. The people near the tracks had a preformed mentality that building the rail would affect their tranquility due to noise. Despite the explanation by the proponent that good technology would be applied to ensure minimal noise, the residents were not ready to change their minds. Another example is the proposal to construct a metro system In Washington. This was in 1960s, whereby the Georgetown victoriously defeated this proposal. As much as many people would like to support the NIMBY phenomena, it is important to note that this phenomenon does not hold water. In most cases, the residents fail to be open minded, and are under the influence of their peers. The developments come along with their own benefits. Failure to embrace that opportunity leads to an immense loss. A good example is the two towns we have mentioned above. While Georgetown lost an opportunity for better transport system and metro stops, Texas lost an opportunity for drawing investors into their city. In my opinion, the NIMBY groups were better of supporting the projects rather than defying them. Home rule has its roots in Missouri, where it was authorized in their constitution. This was back in the year 1875. Is a scheme that deals with the relation of the municipal and the state? It gives the city dwellers a mandate to generate a charter for their particular government. Before the introduction of this

Case4 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Case4 - Article Example This happens even despite the fact that the author made that amount of money in a short period of time. The issue of income averaging does not work in favor of the people who receive payment in large lump sum payout. This is because a tax rate of certain number of years would produce a total tax bill void of present value considerations with more than fifty percent of marginal rates. Introduction of the income splitting with joint returns in 1948 meant that the overall difference between the tax on the lump sum payment in five year distribution with income splitting amounts to over fifty percent of the money to be paid with the lump sum tax of more than two percent the amount of the smaller tax bill. The case is relevant to the American federal income tax system in the sense that it talks about the impacts of high marginal rates with enormous progressivity. Therefore, in order to ensure fairness, the federal income tax system need to introduce income splitting and averaging provisions in the tax policy, and lowering the marginal rates as well as decreasing the number of brackets. Just like my colleague Robert referred to Mikesell’s work that splitting the income in the five year phase would lessen the tax load from $85,092 to $48,213, I agree that this would be a big step in adjusting the federal income tax system operations. For example, altering the dollar amount would act as an effective way of lessening the marginal rate from approximately 84.55% to 56.05%. To revise the tax code, income averaging can be considered to promote compliance with the current tax system, which depends on the corporation of citizens to pay the shares. These measures ensure that individuals a re not taxed heavily since their taxes are calculated on the present value of their